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  2. Historical Chinese phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_Chinese_phonology

    Historical Chinese phonology deals with reconstructing the sounds of Chinese from the past. As Chinese is written with logographic characters, not alphabetic or syllabary, the methods employed in Historical Chinese phonology differ considerably from those employed in, for example, Indo-European linguistics; reconstruction is more difficult because, unlike Indo-European languages, no phonetic ...

  3. Edwin G. Pulleyblank - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_G._Pulleyblank

    Hanyu Pinyin. Pú Lìběn. Gwoyeu Romatzyh. Pwu Lihbeen. Wade–Giles. P'u 2 Li 4 -pen 3. Edwin George "Ted" Pulleyblank FRSC (August 7, 1922 – April 13, 2013) was a Canadian sinologist. He was a professor who taught at the University of British Columbia. [1][2] He was known for his studies of the historical phonology of Chinese.

  4. Old Chinese phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Chinese_phonology

    Although many authors have projected the Middle Chinese palatal medial -j-back to a medial *-j-in Old Chinese, others have suggested that the Middle Chinese medial was a secondary development not present in Old Chinese. Evidence includes the use of type B syllables to transcribe foreign words lacking any such medial, the lack of the medial in ...

  5. Reconstructions of Old Chinese - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconstructions_of_Old_Chinese

    Reconstructions of Old Chinese. Although Old Chinese is known from written records beginning around 1200 BC, the logographic script provides much more indirect and partial information about the pronunciation of the language than alphabetic systems used elsewhere. Several authors have produced reconstructions of Old Chinese phonology, beginning ...

  6. William H. Baxter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_H._Baxter

    Baxter's A Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology [2] is the standard reference for the reconstruction of Old Chinese phonology. Together with Laurent Sagart at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in Paris he has produced an improved reconstruction of the pronunciation, vocabulary, and morphology of Old Chinese. [ 3 ]

  7. Bernhard Karlgren - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernhard_Karlgren

    Klas Bernhard Johannes Karlgren (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈbæ̌ːɳaɖ ˈkɑ̂ːɭɡreːn]; 15 October 1889 – 20 October 1978) was a Swedish sinologist and linguist who pioneered the study of Chinese historical phonology using modern comparative methods. In the early 20th century, Karlgren conducted large surveys of the varieties of Chinese ...

  8. William Shi-Yuan Wang - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shi-Yuan_Wang

    William Shi-Yuan Wang 王士元. William Shi-Yuan Wang (Chinese: 王士元; born 1933) is a linguist, with expertise in phonology, the history of Chinese language and culture, historical linguistics, and the evolution of language in humans. He is Chair Professor at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and National Taiwan Normal University, [1 ...

  9. Standard Chinese phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Chinese_phonology

    Standard Chinese can be analyzed as having between two and six vowel phonemes. [ 9 ]/i, u, y/ (which may also be analyzed as underlying glides) are high (close) vowels, /ə/ is mid whereas /a/ is low (open). The precise realization of each vowel depends on its phonetic environment.