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A nabothian cyst (or nabothian follicle) [1] is a mucus-filled cyst on the surface of the cervix. They are most often caused when stratified squamous epithelium of the ectocervix (portion nearest to the vagina) grows over the simple columnar epithelium of the endocervix (portion nearest to the uterus). This tissue growth can block the cervical ...
Cervical canal widening can be temporarily achieved by the insertion of dilators into the cervix. If the stenosis is caused by scar tissue, a laser treatment can be used to vaporize the scarring. [5] Finally, the surgical enlargement of the cervical canal can be performed by hysteroscopic shaving of the cervical tissue. [6]
The cause of CIN is chronic infection of the cervix with HPV, especially infection with high-risk HPV types 16 or 18. It is thought that the high-risk HPV infections have the ability to inactivate tumor suppressor genes such as the p53 gene and the RB gene, thus allowing the infected cells to grow unchecked and accumulate successive mutations, eventually leading to cancer.
The cervix (pl.: cervices) or cervix uteri is a dynamic fibromuscular sexual organ of the female reproductive system that connects the vagina with the uterine cavity. [1] The human female cervix has been documented anatomically since at least the time of Hippocrates , over 2,000 years ago.
Benign cyst kidney; radiological appearances mimic renal cancer, A cyst / s ɪ s t / is a closed sac, having a distinct envelope and division compared with the nearby tissue.Hence, it is a cluster of cells that have grouped together to form a sac (like the manner in which water molecules group together to form a bubble); however, the distinguishing aspect of a cyst is that the cells forming ...
2: The most distal prolapse is between 1 cm above and 1 cm below the hymen (at least one point is −1, 0, or +1). 3: The most distal prolapse is more than 1 cm below the hymen but no further than 2 cm less than TVL. 4: Represents complete procidentia or vault eversion; the most distal prolapse protrudes to at least (TVL−2) cm.
A cervical polyp is a common benign polyp or tumour on the surface of the cervical canal. [2] They can cause irregular menstrual bleeding but often show no symptoms. Treatment consists of simple removal of the polyp and prognosis is generally good. About 1% of cervical polyps will show neoplastic change which may lead to cancer.
[2] A sign of cervical weakness is funneling at the internal orifice of the uterus, which is a dilation of the cervical canal at this location. [3] In cases of cervical weakness, dilation and effacement of the cervix may occur without pain or uterine contractions. In a normal pregnancy, dilation and effacement occurs in response to uterine ...