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The Protection of Information in Computer Systems is a 1975 seminal publication by Jerome Saltzer and Michael Schroeder about information security. [1] [2] The paper emphasized that the primary concern of security measures should be the information on computers and not the computers itself.
Fail-safe and fail-secure are distinct concepts. Fail-safe means that a device will not endanger lives or property when it fails. Fail-secure, also called fail-closed, means that access or data will not fall into the wrong hands in a security failure. Sometimes the approaches suggest opposite solutions.
The study used a very simple metrics of comparing the number of vulnerabilities between the open-source and closed-source software. [18] Another study was also done by a group of professors in Northern Kentucky University on fourteen open-source web applications written in PHP. The study measured the vulnerability density in the web ...
By comparing a large variety of open source and closed source projects a star system could be used to analyze the security of the project similar to how Morningstar, Inc. rates mutual funds. With a large enough data set, statistics could be used to measure the overall effectiveness of one group over the other.
Most operating systems are not inherently secure, [1] which leaves them open to criminals such as identity thieves and computer hackers. A STIG describes how to minimize network-based attacks and prevent system access when the attacker is interfacing with the system, either physically at the machine or over a network.
Information security standards (also cyber security standards [1]) are techniques generally outlined in published materials that attempt to protect a user's or organization's cyber environment. [2] This environment includes users themselves, networks, devices, all software, processes, information in storage or transit, applications, services ...
Multiple Independent Levels of Security/Safety (MILS) is a high-assurance security architecture based on the concepts of separation [1] and controlled information flow. It is implemented by separation mechanisms that support both untrusted and trustworthy components; ensuring that the total security solution is non-bypassable, evaluatable, always invoked, and tamperproof.
Previous research on network security was mostly about using tools to secure transactions and information flow, and how well users knew about and used these tools. However, more recently, the discussion has expanded to consider information security in the broader context of the digital economy and society. This indicates that it's not just ...