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Some soapmakers prefer "melt and pour" because the process is simple and safe, allowing the soapmaker to concentrate more on the aesthetic aspects of soap making. Because it avoids the need to handle lye , a hazardous and very caustic chemical, it is a hobby even children can enjoy under adult supervision.
A handmade soap bar Two equivalent images of the chemical structure of sodium stearate, a typical ingredient found in bar soaps Emulsifying action of soap on oil. Soap is a salt of a fatty acid (sometimes other carboxylic acids) used for cleaning and lubricating products as well as other applications. [1]
A bar of carbolic soap A puck of shaving soap in a ceramic bowl In chemistry , a soap is a salt of a fatty acid . [ 2 ] Household uses for soaps include washing , bathing , and other types of housekeeping , where soaps act as surfactants , emulsifying oils to enable them to be carried away by water.
C 3 H 5 (O 2 C(CH 2) 16 CH 3) 3 + 3 NaOH → C 3 H 5 (OH) 3 + 3 NaO 2 C(CH 2) 16 CH 3. This process is the main industrial method for producing glycerol (C 3 H 5 (OH) 3). Some soap-makers leave the glycerol in the soap. Others precipitate the soap by salting it out with sodium chloride.
The process for making glycerin soaps was well known as of 1857 in the Western world. [2] In modern industrial soap-making, the glycerin is usually separated from the soap to be resold and used in a wide variety of areas such as for personal care products, pharmaceuticals, chemical intermediates, and food processing.
Alkaline cleaning agents contain strong bases like sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. Bleach (pH 12) and ammonia (pH 11) are common alkaline cleaning agents. Often, dispersants, to prevent redeposition of dissolved dirt, and chelants, to attack rust, are added to the alkaline agent.
Bar of carbolic soap, demonstrating the rich red colour that gives the soap its alternative name, red soap. Carbolic soap, sometimes referred to as red soap, is a mildly antiseptic soap containing carbolic acid (phenol) and/or cresylic acid (cresol), both of which are phenols derived from either coal tar or petroleum sources.
The oil extracted from copra is rich in lauric acid, making it an important commodity in the preparation of lauryl alcohol, soaps, fatty acids, cosmetics, etc. and thus a lucrative product for many coconut-producing countries. The palatable oil cake, known as copra cake, obtained as a residue in the production of copra oil is used in animal feeds.