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Degenerate energy levels. In quantum mechanics, an energy level is degenerate if it corresponds to two or more different measurable states of a quantum system. Conversely, two or more different states of a quantum mechanical system are said to be degenerate if they give the same value of energy upon measurement.
Classically, electromagnetic radiation consists of electromagnetic waves, which are synchronized oscillations of electric and magnetic fields. In a vacuum, electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light, commonly denoted c. There, depending on the frequency of oscillation, different wavelengths of electromagnetic spectrum are produced.
Electromagnetic spectrum. The electromagnetic spectrum is the full range of electromagnetic radiation, organized by frequency or wavelength. The spectrum is divided into separate bands, with different names for the electromagnetic waves within each band. From low to high frequency these are: radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light ...
Energy levels can cross due to underlying symmetries of motion in the Coulomb potential. The Stark effect is the shifting and splitting of spectral lines of atoms and molecules due to the presence of an external electric field. It is the electric-field analogue of the Zeeman effect, where a spectral line is split into several components due to ...
The frequencies of light that an atom can emit are dependent on states the electrons can be in. When excited, an electron moves to a higher energy level or orbital. When the electron falls back to its ground level the light is emitted. Emission spectrum of hydrogen. The above picture shows the visible light emission spectrum for hydrogen. If ...
By recording the attenuation of light for various wavelengths, an absorption spectrum can be obtained. In physics, absorption of electromagnetic radiation is how matter (typically electrons bound in atoms) takes up a photon 's energy — and so transforms electromagnetic energy into internal energy of the absorber (for example, thermal energy). [1]
An FM radio station transmitting at 100 MHz emits photons with an energy of about 4.1357 × 10 −7 eV. This minuscule amount of energy is approximately 8 × 10 −13 times the electron's mass (via mass–energy equivalence). Very-high-energy gamma rays have photon energies of 100 GeV to over 1 PeV (10 11 to 10 15 electronvolts) or 16 nJ to 160 ...
In electronic absorption, the frequency of the incoming light wave is at or near the energy levels of the electrons within the atoms that compose the substance. In this case, the electrons will absorb the energy of the light wave and increase their energy state, often moving outward from the nucleus of the atom into an outer shell or orbital .