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Pharyngitis is a type of upper respiratory tract infection. [7] Most cases are caused by a viral infection. [2] Strep throat, a bacterial infection, is the cause in about 25% of children and 10% of adults. [2] Uncommon causes include other bacteria such as gonococcus, fungi, irritants such as smoke, allergies, and gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Food allergies: 7.6% of children and 10.8% of adults. [131] Peanut and/or tree nut (e.g. walnut) allergy affects about three million Americans, or 1.1% of the population. [129] 5–7% of infants and 1–2% of adults. A 117.3% increase in peanut allergies was observed from 2001 to 2005, an estimated 25,700 people in England are affected.
Allergies in children, an incidence which has increased over the last fifty years, are overreactions of the immune system often caused by foreign substances or genetics that may present themselves in different ways. [ 1] There are multiple forms of testing, prevention, management, and treatment available if an allergy is present in a child.
The effects of parasitic worms, or helminths, on the immune system is a recently emerging topic of study among immunologists and other biologists. Experiments have involved a wide range of parasites, diseases, and hosts. The effects on humans have been of special interest. The tendency of many parasitic worms to pacify the host's immune ...
Allergists do skin tests in one of two ways: either dropping some purified liquid of the allergen onto the skin and pricking the area with a small needle; or injecting a small amount of allergen under the skin. [20] Alternative tools are available to identify seasonal allergies, such as laboratory tests, imaging tests, and nasal endoscopy.
Asthma is a long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs. [4] It is characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and easily triggered bronchospasms. [9][10] Symptoms include episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. [3]
Anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis (Greek: ana- 'up' + phylaxis 'guarding') is a serious, potentially fatal allergic reaction and medical emergency that is rapid in onset and requires immediate medical attention regardless of the use of emergency medication on site. [4][5] It typically causes more than one of the following: an itchy rash, throat closing ...
Childhood RSV infections are fairly self-limited with typical upper respiratory tract signs and symptoms, such as nasal congestion, runny nose, cough, and low-grade fever. [4] [18] Inflammation of the nasal mucosa and throat (pharyngitis), as well as redness of the eyes (conjunctival infection), may be seen on exam. [3]