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Julius Caesar and Cleopatra played significant roles in ancient history, and their relationship, while short-lived, had a significant impact on both their lives and the course of history.
As explained in an article by the Altes Museum, Cleopatra was married to her "rebellious brother" and co-regent Ptolemy XIII when she and Caesar first became involved. When Ptolemy XIII died in 47 BC, Cleopatra married her younger brother, Ptolemy XIV, to ensure that her reign was still legitimized.
Cleopatra, now married to her brother Ptolemy XIV, was restored to her throne. In June 47 bce she gave birth to Ptolemy Caesar (known to the people of Alexandria as Caesarion, or “little Caesar”). Whether Caesar was the father of Caesarion, as his name implies, cannot now be known.
Caesar declared Cleopatra and her brother Ptolemy XIV joint rulers but maintained a private affair with Cleopatra that produced a son, Caesarion. Cleopatra traveled to Rome as a client queen in 46 and 44 BC, where she stayed at Caesar's villa.
In 46 BC, Caesar brought Cleopatra to Rome and installed her in one of his villas across the Tiber. As a foreign woman, Cleopatra could not legally marry Caesar under Roman law. Her regal presence in the city and Caesar‘s plan to make himself king stoked fears of an eastern-style despotism.
Caesar established her younger brother Ptolemy XIV as her co-ruler to secure her throne and then married Cleopatra in the Egyptian manner (although this marriage was not recognised in Rome as he was already married and it was not legal for a Roman citizen to marry a foreigner).
As was the custom of the Greek Ptolemy dynasty in Egypt, Cleopatra and her brother Ptolemy XIII were married in order to maintain the family’s power and inherited the rule of Egypt upon the death of their father in 51 BC.
Cleopatra VII ruled ancient Egypt as co‑regent for almost three decades. She is famed for her savvy political alliances with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony.
Cleopatra and Caesar: what was their relationship? Fully prepared to seduce Caesar in order to enlist his help, Cleopatra planned to smuggle herself into Alexandria and inside the royal palace, where Caesar was staying as her brother’s honoured guest.
Did Julius Caesar Marry Cleopatra? As previously mentioned, Cleopatra masterfully devised a plan to meet with Caesar and plead her case to gain his support against her brother.