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The potato was the first domesticated root vegetable in the region of modern-day southern Peru and extreme northwestern Bolivia [1] between 8000 and 5000 BC. [2] Cultivation of potatoes in South America may go back 10,000 years, [ 3 ] but tubers do not preserve well in the archaeological record, making identification difficult.
Potatoes were domesticated there about 7,000–10,000 years ago from a species in the S. brevicaule complex. Many varieties of the potato are cultivated in the Andes region of South America, where the species is indigenous. The Spanish introduced potatoes to Europe in the second half of the 16th century from the Americas.
Corn, beans and squash were domesticated in Mesoamerica around 3500 BCE. Potatoes, quinoa and manioc were domesticated in South America. In what is now the eastern United States, Native Americans domesticated sunflower and sumpweed around 2500 BCE. [11]
Food historian Lois Ellen Frank calls potatoes, tomatoes, corn, beans, squash, chili, cacao, and vanilla the "magic eight" ingredients that were found and used only in the Americas before 1492 and were taken via the Columbian Exchange back to the Old World, dramatically transforming the cuisine there. [17] [18] [19] According to Frank, [20]
These are successively replaced by domesticated sheep, goats, and humped zebu cattle by the fifth millennium BC, indicating the gradual transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture. [73] Maize and squash were domesticated in Mesoamerica; potatoes in South America, and sunflowers in the Eastern Woodlands of North America. [74]
Native to Amazon. Domesticated and cultivated in South America, Central America and Caribbean. Indian Potato - roots of two native species- Apios americana and Apios priceana; Jerusalem artichoke - specific species of sunflower with large, edible root. Lily Bulbs- several species in Lilium family
Feta cheese and pecan side salad with buttermilk ranch dressing. Curry chicken salad. Potato side salad. Fox Bros. short ribs with roasted fingerling potatoes, carrots and turnips
The potato was first domesticated in the region of modern-day southern Peru and extreme northwestern Bolivia. It has since spread around the world and become a staple crop in many countries. [33] Global production of potatoes in 2008