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In the Age of Discovery (Age of Exploration), the Dutch were the first (non-natives) to undisputedly explore and map many unknown isolated areas of the world, such as the Svalbard archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. Map of Svalbard dating from 1758. There is no conclusive evidence of the first human activity on Svalbard.
The Svalbard Treaty of 1920 [18] defines Svalbard as all islands, islets, and skerries from 74° to 81° north latitude, and from 10° to 35° east longitude. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] The land area is 61,022 km 2 (23,561 sq mi), and dominated by the island of Spitsbergen, which constitutes more than half the archipelago, followed by Nordaustlandet and ...
Both Svalbard and Jan Mayen consist almost entirely of Arctic wilderness, such as at Bellsund in Svalbard. Svalbard is an archipelago in the Arctic about midway between mainland Norway and the North Pole. The group of islands range from 74° to 81° north latitude, and from 10° to 35° east longitude.
Svalbard Airport, Longyear, located 3 km (2 mi) from Longyearbyen, is the only airport offering air transport for the island. Scandinavian Airlines has daily scheduled services to Tromsø and Oslo ; there are also irregular charter services to Russia. [ 67 ]
An enlargeable topographic map of Svalbard. Geography of Svalbard. Svalbard is: an archipelago and area of limited sovereignty of Norway; Location: Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere. Europe. Northern Europe; Arctic Ocean; Time zone: Central European Time , Central European Summer Time ; Extreme points of Svalbard
Viking expansion was the historical movement which led Norse explorers, traders and warriors, the latter known in modern scholarship as Vikings, to sail most of the North Atlantic, reaching south as far as North Africa and east as far as Russia, and through the Mediterranean as far as Constantinople and the Middle East, acting as looters, traders, colonists and mercenaries.
The Nordic countries (also known as the Nordics or Norden; lit. ' the North ') [2] are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic.It includes the sovereign states of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway [a] and Sweden; the autonomous territories of the Faroe Islands and Greenland; and the autonomous region of Åland.
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