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In the Age of Discovery (Age of Exploration), the Dutch were the first (non-natives) to undisputedly explore and map many unknown isolated areas of the world, such as the Svalbard archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. Map of Svalbard dating from 1758. There is no conclusive evidence of the first human activity on Svalbard.
The Svalbard Treaty of 1920 [18] defines Svalbard as all islands, islets, and skerries from 74° to 81° north latitude, and from 10° to 35° east longitude. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] The land area is 61,022 km 2 (23,561 sq mi), and dominated by the island of Spitsbergen, which constitutes more than half the archipelago, followed by Nordaustlandet and ...
The Swedes have settled Svalbard since the turn of the 20th century. The Swedes played a significant role in the early exploration, mining, and scientific study of Svalbard . Swedish interest in the archipelago began with Arctic expeditions led by geologists and explorers such as Otto Martin Torell and Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld .
Viking expansion was the historical movement which led Norse explorers, traders and warriors, the latter known in modern scholarship as Vikings, to sail most of the North Atlantic, reaching south as far as North Africa and east as far as Russia, and through the Mediterranean as far as Constantinople and the Middle East, acting as looters, traders, colonists and mercenaries.
An enlargeable topographic map of Svalbard. Geography of Svalbard. Svalbard is: an archipelago and area of limited sovereignty of Norway; Location: Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere. Europe. Northern Europe; Arctic Ocean; Time zone: Central European Time , Central European Summer Time ; Extreme points of Svalbard
Both Svalbard and Jan Mayen consist almost entirely of Arctic wilderness, such as at Bellsund in Svalbard. Svalbard is an archipelago in the Arctic about midway between mainland Norway and the North Pole. The group of islands range from 74° to 81° north latitude, and from 10° to 35° east longitude.
Once named Spitsbergen after its largest island, the Svalbard archipelago was made a part of Norway—not a dependency—by the Svalbard Act of 1925. Since this date, it has been a region of Norway, with a Norwegian-appointed governor resident at the administrative centre of Longyearbyen.
Satellite map of the European part of the Nordic countries, except for Jan Mayen and Svalbard The Öresund Bridge between Malmö in Sweden and Copenhagen in Denmark. The Nordic countries and self-governing regions in alphabetic order – number of inhabitants (2018), area (km 2) and population density (people/km 2):