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Theism is broadly defined as the belief in the existence of at least one deity. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In common parlance, or when contrasted with deism , the term often describes the philosophical conception of God that is found in classical theism —or the conception found in monotheism —or gods found in polytheistic religions—or a belief in God or ...
Classical theism is characterized by a set of core attributes that define God as absolute, perfect, and transcendent. These attributes include divine simplicity, aseity, immutability, eternality, omnipotence, omniscience, and omnibenevolence, each of which has been developed and refined through centuries of philosophical and theological discourse.
Philosophical theism is the belief that the Supreme Being exists (or must exist) independent of the teaching or revelation of any particular religion. [1] It represents belief in God entirely without doctrine , except for that which can be discerned by reason and the contemplation of natural laws .
There are different reconstructions of Plantinga’s argument across the literature, for example Graham Oppy's above, Jordan Sobel's from his book Logic and Theism, [52] Joshua Rasmussen's from his book chapter Plantinga, [53] or Gregory Stacey's from his paper Modal Ontological Arguments [54].
The work is a comprehensive overview of many of the arguments on both sides within analytic philosophy of religion. Sobel utilizes symbolic logic , inductive logic , set theory and other tools within analytic philosophy to critically analyze cosmological arguments , ontological arguments , teleological arguments and other arguments for God's ...
William Lane Craig (born 1949), who revived the Kalam cosmological argument during the 20th and 21st centuries. The Kalam cosmological argument is a modern formulation of the cosmological argument for the existence of God. It is named after the Kalam (medieval Islamic scholasticism) from which many of its key ideas originated. [1]
Process theology is a school of thought influenced by the metaphysical process philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead (1861–1947), while open theism is a similar theological movement that began in the 1990s.
The argument says that the entire set of contingent things must have a cause that is not contingent because otherwise it would be included in the set. Furthermore, through a series of arguments, he derived that the necessary existent must have attributes that he identified with God in Islam , including unity, simplicity, immateriality ...