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German physicist Heinrich Hertz first demonstrated the existence of radio waves in 1887 using what we now know as a dipole antenna (with capacitative end-loading). On the other hand, Guglielmo Marconi empirically found that he could just ground the transmitter (or one side of a transmission line, if used) dispensing with one half of the antenna, thus realizing the vertical or monopole antenna.
The balun is a 16:1 ratio, thereby transforming the 50 Ω (ohm) coax to an 800 Ω feed at the antenna. The resistor load is also 800 Ω, non-inductive. This allows the antenna impedance to swing from 400–1,600 Ω over the frequency range intended and thus keep the SWR at the transmitter 2:1 or lower.
A balun / ˈ b æ l ʌ n / (from "balanced to unbalanced", originally, but now derived from "balancing unit") [1] is an electrical device that allows balanced and unbalanced lines to be interfaced without disturbing the impedance arrangement of either line. [2] A balun can take many forms and may include devices that also transform impedances ...
G5RV Antenna without balun. The G5RV antenna is a dipole with a symmetric resonant [ 1 ] feeder line , which serves as impedance matcher for a 50 Ω coax cable to the transceiver . [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Twin-lead also can serve as a convenient material with which to build a simple folded dipole antenna. Such antennas may be fed either by using a 300 Ω twin-lead feeder or by using a 300-to-75 Ω balun and using coaxial feedline and will usually handle moderate power loads without overheating.
The monopole antenna is essentially one half of the half-wave dipole, a single 1 / 4 wavelength element with the other side connected to ground or an equivalent ground plane (or counterpoise). Monopoles, which are one-half the size of a dipole, are common for long-wavelength radio signals where a dipole would be impractically large.
A halo antenna, or halo, is a center-fed 1 / 2 wavelength dipole antenna, which has been bent into a circle, with a break directly opposite the feed point. The dipole's ends are close, but do not touch, and the ends on either side of the gap may be flared out to form a larger air gap capacitor , whose spacing is used to fine-adjust the ...
Often random wire antennas are also (inaccurately) referred to as long-wire antennas.There is no accepted minimum size, but actual long-wire antennas must be greater than at least a quarter-wavelength ( 1 / 4 λ) or perhaps greater than a half ( 1 / 2 λ) at the frequency the long wire antenna is used for, and even a half-wave may only be considered "long-ish" rather than "truly ...