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Sea of fog riding the coastal marine layer through the Golden Gate Bridge at San Francisco, California Afternoon smog within a coastal marine layer in West Los Angeles. A marine layer is an air mass that develops over the surface of a large body of water, such as an ocean or large lake, in the presence of a temperature inversion.
Fog is a visible aerosol consisting of tiny water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air at or near the Earth's surface. [1] [2] Fog can be considered a type of low-lying cloud usually resembling stratus and is heavily influenced by nearby bodies of water, topography, and wind conditions.
Sea smoke, frost smoke, [1] or steam fog [2] is fog which is formed when very cold air moves over warmer water. Arctic sea smoke [3] is sea smoke forming over small patches of open water in sea ice. [4] It forms when a light wind of very cold air mixes with a shallow layer of saturated warm air immediately above the warmer water.
Smog trapped over the city of Almaty, Kazakhstan during a temperature inversion. Smoke-filled canyons in northern Arizona , 2019. During morning and evening hours, dense smoke often settles in low-lying areas and becomes trapped due to temperature inversions—when a layer within the lower atmosphere acts as a lid and prevents vertical mixing ...
Dense fog is most common during the colder months. Here’s what to do when there’s low visibility on the roads.
The Pacific Ocean contributes to the frequency of fog by providing atmospheric moisture and temperature. The cold ocean currents cool moist air, causing the water vapor to condense as it meets the warmer coastal air, forming fog. It is also the primary source of nuclei for the condensation of moisture from vapor into cloud droplets.
Earthcams show fog in 12 major cities on the morning of Jan. 26, 2024. "If the fog isn't enough, relentless rounds of rain continue in parts of the South , leading to escalating flooding problems ...
Conditions associated with a marine layer, a stable atmosphere common on the west side of continents near cold water currents, leads to overnight and morning fog. [11] Undular bores can form when a low level boundary such as a cold front or outflow boundary approaches a layer of cold, stable air.