Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
The dual state is a model in which the functioning of a state is divided into a normative state, which operates according to set rules and regulations, and a prerogative state, "which exercises unlimited arbitrariness and violence unchecked by any legal guarantees". [1]
The field of comparative media system research has a long tradition reaching back to the study Four Theories of the Press by Siebert, Peterson and Schramm from 1956. This book was the origin of the academic debate on comparing and classifying media systems, [2] whereas it was normatively biased [3] and strongly influenced by the ideologies of the Cold War era. [4]
Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political status quo, and reductions in democracy, separation of powers, civil liberties, and the rule of law.
The authors analysed media systems according to four dimensions: the development of a mass press, political parallelism, professionalization of journalists, and state intervention. According to these four dimensions, media systems were then categorised into three ideal models, the Polarized Pluralist Model , the Liberal Model and the Democratic ...
The term Fourth Estate or fourth power refers to the press and news media in their explicit capacity, beyond the reporting of news, of wielding influence in politics. [1] The derivation of the term arises from the traditional European concept of the three estates of the realm : the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners.
The identification of state and law, and the idea that state law and international law are integrated into a single normative system were embraced in the 1920s by the leading Austrian public lawyer and legal philosopher Hans Kelsen, [51] who recognised the debt he owed to Krabbe and praised his work as a "masterly critique of the German theory ...
Examples of referent power include: (a) each of the last seven White House press secretaries have been paid handsomely for their memoirs relating to their presence at the seat of government; (b) Mrs. Hillary Clinton gained political capital by her marriage to the President; (c) Reverend Pat Robertson lost a bid for the Republican Party's ...
Hallin's spheres – Theory of media objectivity; Moral relativism – Philosophical positions about the differences in moral judgments across peoples and cultures; Normalization – Social processes through which ideas and actions come to be seen as normal; Opinion corridor – Theory of legitimate public discourse