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John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and William Shockley invented the first working transistors at Bell Labs, the point-contact transistor in 1947. Shockley introduced the improved bipolar junction transistor in 1948, which entered production in the early 1950s and led to the first widespread use of transistors.
[30]: 153 [31]: 145 Shive's invention sparked [32] Shockley's invention of the junction transistor. [30]: 143 A few months later he invented an entirely new, considerably more robust, type of transistor with a layer or 'sandwich' structure. This structure went on to be used for the vast majority of all transistors into the 1960s, and evolved ...
A stylized replica of the point-contact transistor invented at Bell Labs on December 23, 1947. The point-contact transistor was the first type of transistor to be successfully demonstrated. It was developed by research scientists John Bardeen and Walter Brattain at Bell Laboratories in December 1947.
On December 23, 1947, Walter Brattain, John Bardeen, and William B. Shockley demonstrated the first working transistor to their colleagues at Bell Laboratories. Amplifying small electrical signals and supporting the processing of digital information, the transistor is "the key enabler of modern electronics". [19]
Having unearthed Lilienfeld's patents that went into obscurity years earlier, lawyers at Bell Labs advised against Shockley's proposal because the idea of a field-effect transistor that used an electric field as a "grid" was not new. Instead, what Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley invented in 1947 was the first point-contact transistor. [19]
The first working transistor was a point-contact transistor invented by John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain while working under William Shockley at the Bell Telephone Laboratories (BTL) in 1947. [43] They then invented the bipolar junction transistor in 1948. [44] While early junction transistors were relatively bulky devices that were ...
1947: American engineers John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain together with their group leader William Shockley invented the transistor. 1948: Hungarian-British physicist Dennis Gabor invented holography. 1950s: Solid electrolyte tantalum capacitor was invented by Bell Laboratories. 1950: French physicist Alfred Kastler invented the MASER. 1951
The first working transistor was a point-contact transistor invented by John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain at the Bell Telephone Laboratories (BTL) in 1947. [22] William Shockley then invented the bipolar junction transistor at BTL in 1948. [23] While early junction transistors were relatively bulky devices that were difficult to ...