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Scleroderma is a group of autoimmune diseases that may result in changes to the skin, blood vessels, muscles, and internal organs. [ 2 ] [ 6 ] [ 8 ] The disease can be either localized to the skin or involve other organs, as well. [ 2 ]
Endoscopic image of peptic stricture, or narrowing of the esophagus near the junction with the stomach due to chronic gastroesophageal reflux: This is the most common cause of dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, in scleroderma. Diffuse scleroderma can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. [10]
Morphea is a form of scleroderma that is more common in women than men, in a ratio 3:1. [17] Morphea occurs in childhood as well as in adult life. [ 3 ] Morphea is an uncommon condition that is thought to affect 2 to 4 in 100,000 people. [ 18 ]
Sclerodactyly is often preceded by months or even years by Raynaud's phenomenon when it is part of systemic scleroderma. [citation needed] The term "sclerodactyly" comes from Greek skleros 'hard' and daktylos 'digit'. It is generally associated with systemic scleroderma and mixed connective tissue disease, and auto-immune disorders.
Scleroderma is a genus of fungi, commonly known as earth balls, now known to belong to the Boletales order, in suborder Sclerodermatineae. [1] The best known species are S. citrinum and S. verrucosum .
In reaction to the lack of awareness of the disease in the medical community, she went on to found the Scleroderma Research Foundation in 1987, [2] an organization dedicated to finding a cure. [4] According to the New York Times, "Ms. Monsky's activities generated more than $14 million for research and helped expand understanding of the disease ...
This disease may cause white or yellow-ish spots on the arms or legs. The syndrome, a special case of scleroderma, is named after the American physician, Telfer B. Reynolds, MD (1921–2004), who first described it. He is also known for creating one of the world's first hepatology programs at the University of Southern California.
Phylogenetic analysis places the Sclerodermataceae in the bolete clade. [7] [8] Older analysis suggests that the Sclerodermataceae (including the genera Scleroderma and Veligaster), the Pisolithaceae (Pisolithus), the Astraeaceae (), Calostomataceae (), and the new families Gyroporaceae and Boletinellaceae (Boletinellus and Phlebopus), should form a new suborder, the Sclerodermatineae.