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The unification of Germany (German: Deutsche Einigung, pronounced [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈʔaɪnɪɡʊŋ] ⓘ) was a process of building the first nation-state for Germans with federal features based on the concept of Lesser Germany (one without Habsburgs ' multi-ethnic Austria or its German-speaking part).
The Austro-Prussian War was part of the wider rivalry between Austria and Prussia, and resulted in Prussian dominance over the German states. The major result of the war was a shift in power among the German states away from Austrian and towards Prussian hegemony.
Otto, Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of Lauenburg[a] (/ ˈbɪzmɑːrk /; born Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck; 1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898) was a Prussian statesman and diplomat who oversaw the unification of Germany. Bismarck's Realpolitik and firm governance resulted in him being popularly known as the Iron ...
German unification in 1870 stimulated consolidation, nationalisation into state-owned companies, and further rapid growth. Unlike the situation in France, the goal was support of industrialisation, and so heavy lines crisscrossed the Ruhr and other industrial districts and provided good connections to the major ports of Hamburg and Bremen.
The war united all the German states against a common enemy, and with the victory came an overwhelming wave of nationalism which changed the opinions of some of those who had been against unification. With the German Revolution of 1918–1919, the Kingdom of Prussia was transformed into the Free State of Prussia.
The Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany (German: Vertrag über die abschließende Regelung in Bezug auf Deutschland[a]), more commonly referred to as the Two Plus Four Agreement (Zwei-plus-Vier-Vertrag[b]), is an international agreement that allowed the reunification of Germany in October 1990.
Hearder, Harry, and Carr, William: The Origins of the Wars of German Unification. Routledge 1991. [1] Herwig, Holger H. The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary 1914–1918 (2009) Hooton, Tim. The Luftwaffe: A Complete History 1933–45 (2010) Kelly, Patrick J. Tirpitz and the Imperial German Navy (2011) excerpt and text search; Kitchen ...
This is a list of wars involving Germany from 962. It includes the Holy Roman Empire, Confederation of the Rhine, the German Confederation, the North German Confederation, the German Empire, the Weimar Republic, Nazi Germany, the German Democratic Republic (DDR, "East Germany") and the present Federal Republic of Germany (BRD, until German reunification in 1990 known as "West Germany").