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Peridot. Peridot (/ ˈpɛrɪˌdɒt, - ˌdoʊ / PERR-ih-dot, -doh), sometimes called chrysolite, is a yellow-green transparent variety of olivine. Peridot is one of the few gemstones that occur in only one color. Peridot can be found in mafic and ultramafic rocks occurring in lava and peridotite xenoliths of the mantle.
Peridotite is named for the gemstone peridot, a glassy green gem originally mined on St. John's Island in the Red Sea [65] and now mined on the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation in Arizona. [ 66 ] Peridotite that has been hydrated at low temperatures is the protolith for serpentinite , which may include chrysotile asbestos (a form of ...
Chrysoberyl. The mineral or gemstone chrysoberyl is an aluminate of beryllium with the formula Be Al 2 O 4. [ 5 ][ 6 ] The name chrysoberyl is derived from the Greek words χρυσός chrysos and βήρυλλος beryllos, meaning "a gold-white spar". Despite the similarity of their names, chrysoberyl and beryl are two completely different ...
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Olivine. The mineral olivine (/ ˈɒl.ɪˌviːn /) is a magnesium iron silicate with the chemical formula (Mg, Fe)2 Si O 4. It is a type of nesosilicate or orthosilicate. The primary component of the Earth's upper mantle, [9] it is a common mineral in Earth's subsurface, but weathers quickly on the surface. Olivine has many uses, such as the ...
Emerald is a gemstone and a variety of the mineral beryl (Be 3 Al 2 (SiO 3) 6) colored green by trace amounts of chromium or sometimes vanadium. [2] Beryl has a hardness of 7.5–8 on the Mohs scale. [2] Most emeralds have many inclusions, [3] so their toughness (resistance to breakage) is classified as generally poor. Emerald is a cyclosilicate.
Mohs scale. The Mohs scale (/ moʊz / MOHZ) of mineral hardness is a qualitative ordinal scale, from 1 to 10, characterizing scratch resistance of minerals through the ability of harder material to scratch softer material. The scale was introduced in 1812 by the German geologist and mineralogist Friedrich Mohs, in his book Versuch einer ...
Epidote is an abundant rock-forming mineral, but one of secondary origin. It occurs in marble and schistose rocks of metamorphic origin. It is also a product of hydrothermal alteration of various minerals (feldspars, micas, pyroxenes, amphiboles, garnets, and others) composing igneous rocks. A rock composed of quartz and epidote is known as ...