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Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is the narrowing of one or both of the renal arteries, most often caused by atherosclerosis or fibromuscular dysplasia. This narrowing of the renal artery can impede blood flow to the target kidney , resulting in renovascular hypertension – a secondary type of high blood pressure .
This albuminuria usually does not cause symptoms but can be indicative of many kidney disorders. Protein in the urine (proteinuria) is best identified from a 24-hour urine collection. [9] Bilateral renal artery stenosis should always be considered as a differential diagnosis for the presentation of HN.
It is used to assist in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis. It is not generally considered a useful test for children, [ 1 ] and more suitable options are available for adult cases. Procedure
The prognosis of individuals with renovascular hypertension is not easy to determine. Those with atherosclerotic renal artery disease have a high risk of mortality, furthermore, those who also have renal dysfunction have a higher mortality risk. However, the majority of renovascular diseases can be improved with surgery. [4]
Renal infarction is a medical condition caused by an abrupt disruption of the renal blood flow in either one of the segmental branches or the major ipsilateral renal artery. [3] Patients who have experienced an acute renal infarction usually report sudden onset flank pain , which is often accompanied by fever , nausea , and vomiting .
Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a non-atherosclerotic, non-inflammatory disease of the blood vessels that causes abnormal growth within the wall of an artery. [1] FMD has been found in nearly every arterial bed in the body, although the most commonly affected are the renal and carotid arteries.
The latter include renal artery stenosis, or the narrowing of the renal artery which supplies the kidney with blood, and renal vein thrombosis, which is the formation of a blood clot in the renal vein that drains blood from the kidney. [10]: 26-27
Obstruction of the renal arteries supplying the kidney that result in elevated blood pressure is known as renovascular hypertension.It is thought that decreased perfusion of renal tissue due to stenosis of a main or branch renal artery activates the renin–angiotensin system.