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Engineers during World War Two test a model of a Halifax bomber in a wind tunnel, an invention that dates back to 1871.. The following is a list and timeline of innovations as well as inventions and discoveries that involved British people or the United Kingdom including the predecessor states before the Treaty of Union in 1707, the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland.
1714: Patent for an apparatus regarded as the first typewriter granted to Henry Mill (c. 1683–1771). [25] 18th century: The Valentine's card first popularised. [26] 1822: The mechanical pencil patented by Sampson Mordan (1790–1843) and John Isaac Hawkins (1772–1855). [27] 1831: Electromagnetic induction & Faraday's law of induction.
The rolls for the years 1547–1582 were published in calendar form in 19 volumes, under the title Calendar of the Patent Rolls, between 1924 and 1986. 1582–1603. In the late 1980s, the Public Record Office suspended its programme of scholarly publication, and the initiative passed to the List and Index Society .
1876: Alexander Graham Bell has a patent granted for the telephone. However, other inventors before Bell had worked on the development of the telephone and the invention had several pioneers. [431] 1877: Thomas Edison invents the first working phonograph. [432] 1878: Henry Fleuss is granted a patent for the first practical rebreather. [433]
This is a timeline of British history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of England, History of Wales, History of Scotland, History of Ireland, Formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and History of the United Kingdom
Another early example of such letters patent was a grant by Henry VI in 1449 to John of Utynam, a Flemish man, for a twenty-year monopoly for his invention. [5] The first extant Italian patent was awarded by the Republic of Venice in 1416 for a device for turning wool into felt. [6]
The UK officially withdraws from the European Union three years after it voted to leave during a referendum in 2016. [41] 2020 31 January The first patient with COVID-19 is confirmed in York. [42] 2022 8 September Queen Elizabeth II dies of after a reign of 70 years and 214 days.
When patent litigation is involved (which in year 1999 happened in about 1,600 cases compared to 153,000 patents issued in the same year [98]), costs increase significantly: although 95% of patent litigation cases are settled out of court, [99] those that reach the courts have legal costs on the order of a million dollars per case, not ...