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Spring steel is a name given to a wide range of steels [1] used in the manufacture of different products, including swords, saw blades, springs and many more. These steels are generally low-alloy manganese , medium-carbon steel or high-carbon steel with a very high yield strength .
A leaf spring takes the form of a slender arc-shaped length of spring steel of a rectangular cross-section. In the most common configuration, the centre of the arc provides the location for the axle, while loops formed at either end provide for attaching to the vehicle chassis. For very heavy vehicles, a leaf spring can be made from several ...
The stiffness (or rate) of springs in parallel is additive, as is the compliance of springs in series. Springs are made from a variety of elastic materials, the most common being spring steel. Small springs can be wound from pre-hardened stock, while larger ones are made from annealed steel and hardened after
Elliptic springs. The elliptic spring consisted of steel plates piled on top of one another and pinned together; it is the same method still used in rear suspensions. [3] His invention was a major breakthrough in carriage design and it inspired a boom in the construction and sale of lightweight private carriages. [citation needed]
A multi-leaf spring consists of a series of flat plates, usually of semi-elliptical shape. The flat plates are called leaves of the spring. The leaf at the top has maximum length. The length gradually decreases from the top leaf to the bottom leaf. The longest leaf at the top is called master leaf. It is bent at both ends to form the spring eyes.
Metal coil springs are made by winding a wire around a shaped former – a cylinder is used to form cylindrical coil springs. Illustration of various arc springs and arc spring systems (systems consisting of inner and outer arc springs). Coil springs for vehicles are typically made of hardened steel. A machine called an auto-coiler takes spring ...