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Map of major cattle trails between 1866-1890. The first large-scale effort to drive cattle from Texas to the nearest railhead for shipment to Chicago occurred in 1866, when many Texas ranchers banded together to drive their cattle to the closest point that railroad tracks reached, which at that time was Sedalia, Missouri.
The sheep wars, [1] [2] or the sheep and cattle wars, [3] [4] were a series of armed conflicts in the Western United States fought between sheepmen and cattlemen over grazing rights. Sheep wars occurred in many western states, though they were most common in Texas , Arizona , and the border region of Wyoming and Colorado .
Las Gorras Blancas (Spanish for "The White Caps") was an clandestine organization active in New Mexico Territory in the late 1880s and early 1890s. Often characterized as vigilantes and in response to the Santa Fe Ring of land speculators, ranchers, and homesteaders, mostly Anglo-Americans, Las Gorras Blancas protested the takeover of former common lands of Hispanic residents by acts of ...
The cattle drives died out in the 1880s, as quarantines were imposed to stop the tick disease some herds carried. Furthermore cattle ranches in Kansas, Nebraska and the Dakotas grew rapidly in size, and produced better quality beef cattle which could be shipped east on the other land grant railroads.
The cattle kings began to fence off their lands to protect access to the rangelands and water, which infuriated many homesteaders. [5] There were many cases when large ranch owners not only fenced the property over which they claimed ownership, but also property considered public land.
1873 Map of Chisholm Trail with Subsidiary Trails in Texas (from Kansas Historical Society). The Chisholm Trail (/ˈt͡ʃɪzəm/ CHIZ-əm) was a trail used in the post-Civil War era to drive cattle overland from ranches in southern Texas, crossed the Red River into Indian Territory, and ended at Kansas rail stops.
From then on, ranchers generally raised feed to ensure they could keep their cattle alive over winter. [49] When there was too little rain for row crop farming, but enough grass for grazing, cattle ranching became dominant. Before the railroads arrived in Texas the 1870s cattle drives took large herds from Texas to the railheads in Kansas.
In 1868 a great number of cattle arrived in Kansas and the mid-west from Texas; appx. 40,000. With them came a tick born disease called "Spanish Fever". The local shorthorn breeds were seriously affected and in some towns the loss of the cattle was almost 100%. The result was a great predice against Texas cattle in Eastern Kansas and Missouri. [4]