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Like other Outward Bound International member organizations, Outward Bound USA's course offerings are derived from the work of German educator Kurt Hahn and his Outward Bound schools founded by Lawrence Holt in the United Kingdom in 1941. [2] [3] The first course in the United States was run in 1961 for the Peace Corps, which it helped to shape ...
The programs have been the subject of legal investigations by several U.S. states. [40] In 2003, a reporter for The New York Times interviewed 60 current and former program participants and parents; some gave positive reports of their experiences, while other participants and parents said that WWASPS programs were abusive. [2]
Outward Bound International was founded as a non-profit organisation in 2004 to license the use of the brand name "Outward Bound" and to provide support for the international network of schools. [19] Today there are organisations, called schools, in more than 35 countries with 250 wilderness and urban locations around the world which are ...
Expeditionary Learning Schools Outward Bound Archived 2014-09-15 at the Wayback Machine; Herszenhorn, David M., March 20, 2006. "A New York School That Teaches Teamwork by Camping". The New York Times. The Kauffman Foundation; Kearns, David T, "Toward a New Generation of American Schools". The Phi Delta Kappan, Vol. 74, No. 10 (Jun., 1993), pp ...
January 15, 1995 – Aaron Bacon dies from acute peritonitis whilst attending the North Star Wilderness Program. [25] 2001: The New York Times reports that there have been 31 deaths at outdoor camps for troubled youths in 11 states since 1980. [26] May 27, 2002 – Erica Harvey dies from heat stroke and dehydration. [27]
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Other schools quickly began to use Outward Bound as an adjunctive experience working with adjudicated youth and adults (one of the first programs in 1964 offered recently released prisoners a job at Coors Brewery if they completed a 23-day course). In the late 1970s, Colorado Outward Bound developed the Mental Health Project.
While many expeditionary education programs of, or being an expedition could be defined under these existing fields (such as Outward Bound, or NOLS), educational programs relating to expeditions may take place in the classroom and not outside, requiring adventure, or experiential in nature are becoming more prevalent as explorers and expedition ...