Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
An active metabolite, or pharmacologically active metabolite is a biologically active metabolite of a xenobiotic substance, such as a drug or environmental chemical. Active metabolites may produce therapeutic effects, as well as harmful effects.
Some benzodiazepines produce active metabolites. Active metabolites are produced when a person's body metabolizes the drug into compounds that share a similar pharmacological profile to the parent compound and thus are relevant when calculating how long the pharmacological effects of a drug will last.
Drug metabolism is the metabolic breakdown of drugs by living organisms, usually through specialized enzymatic systems. More generally, xenobiotic metabolism (from the Greek xenos "stranger" and biotic "related to living beings") is the set of metabolic pathways that modify the chemical structure of xenobiotics, which are compounds foreign to an organism's normal biochemistry, such as any drug ...
Drugs altering hepatic microsomal enzyme activity (e.g., alcohol, barbiturates, rifampicin, or phenytoin) may result in accelerated metabolism of cyclophosphamide into its active metabolites, increasing both pharmacologic and toxic effects of the drug; alternatively, drugs that inhibit hepatic microsomal enzymes (e.g. corticosteroids, tricyclic ...
Hydrocodone is also a metabolite of codeine in humans. [45] Codeine and its metabolites are mostly removed from the body by the kidneys, primarily as conjugates with glucuronic acid. [46] The active metabolites of codeine, notably morphine, exert their effects by binding to and activating the μ-opioid receptor. In people that can extensively ...
MDMA produces 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) as a minor active metabolite. [116] Peak levels of MDA are about 5 to 10% of those of MDMA and total exposure to MDA is almost 10% of that of MDMA with oral MDMA administration. [116] [180] As a result, MDA may contribute to some extent to the effects of MDMA.
These metabolites are conjugated with glucuronide and are excreted primarily in the urine. Because of these active metabolites, the serum values of diazepam alone are not useful in predicting the effects of the drug. Diazepam has a biphasic half-life of about one to three days and two to seven days for the active metabolite desmethyldiazepam. [20]
Losartan is excreted in the urine, and in the feces via bile, as unchanged drug and metabolites. [44] About 4% of an oral dose is excreted unchanged in urine, and about 6% is excreted in urine as the active metabolite. [44] The terminal elimination half-lives of losartan and EXP3174 are about 1.5 to 2.5 hours and 3 to 9 hours, respectively. [44]