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The seeds were planted in 1906 by a Wanganui nurseryman, Alexander Allison, with the vines first fruiting in 1910. People who tasted the fruit thought it had a gooseberry flavour, so began to call it the Chinese gooseberry, but being from the genus Actinidia , it is not related to the gooseberry family, Grossulariaceae .
Kiwifruit were later exported, first to Great Britain and then to California in the 1960s. [1] [5] Close-up of Slice of Kiwifruit skin. In New Zealand during the 1940s and 1950s, the fruit became an agricultural commodity through the development of commercially viable cultivars, agricultural practices, shipping, storage, and marketing. [14]
A sliced Zespri Golden kiwi 'Hort16A' is a golden kiwifruit cultivar marketed worldwide, first as Zespri Gold, [2] then as SunGold. [4] This cultivar suffered significant losses in New Zealand from late 2010 to 2013 due to the PSA bacterium. A new cultivar of golden kiwifruit, 'Zesy002', was found to be more disease-resistant and most growers ...
The plant is a very long-lived, deciduous woody scrambling vine and creeper, [6] which ultimately grows to 8–10 m (26–33 ft). It is the hardiest species in the genus Actinidia, at least down to about −40 °C (−40 °F) in winter, albeit somewhat susceptible to late spring frosts.
The fruit is referred to as the arctic kiwi, baby kiwi, cocktail kiwi, dessert kiwi, grape kiwi, hardy kiwifruit, kiwi berry, northern kiwi, Siberian gooseberry, or Siberian kiwi, [2] and is an edible, berry- or grape-sized fruit similar to kiwifruit in taste and appearance, but is green, brownish, or purple with smooth skin, sometimes with a red blush.
The plants were not grown from seeds because they were not viable, but the placental tissue of three fruits. [14] Radiocarbon dating has confirmed an age of 31,800 ±300 years for the seeds. In 2007, more than 600,000 frozen mature and immature S. stenophylla seeds were found buried in 70 squirrel hibernation burrows 38 metres (125 ft) below ...
The plant must be phylogenetically able (pre-adapted) to develop the necessary reproductive structures; The seeds must remain viable until cued to release; Seed release must be cued by a trigger that indicates environmental conditions that are favorable to germination,
Before genetic evidence appeared in the last 10 years, the placement of the Actinidiaceae within the Ericales was highly controversial. The USDA Plants Database, a resource considered authoritative, still places the Actinidaceae within the Theales , an order which has been shown not to be monophyletic . [ 4 ]