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[1] In chemistry, an alcohol (from Arabic al-kuḥl 'the kohl'), [2] is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl (−OH) functional group bound to a saturated carbon atom. [3] [4] Alcohols range from the simple, like methanol and ethanol, to complex, like sugars and cholesterol. The presence of an OH group strongly modifies ...
[1] When 40–70% of the patients in an accident and emergency department (AED) are there because of alcohol-related issues, it is useful for the staff of the AED to determine which of them are hazardous drinkers so that they can treat the underlying cause and offer brief advice which may reduce the health impact of alcohol for that patient.
The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) is a ten-item questionnaire approved by the World Health Organization to screen patients for hazardous (risky) and harmful alcohol consumption. It was developed from a WHO multi-country collaborative study, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] the items being selected for the AUDIT being the best performing of ...
Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is a metabolite of ethanol which is formed in the body by glucuronidation following exposure to ethanol, usually from drinking alcoholic beverages.It is used as a biomarker to test for ethanol use and to monitor alcohol abstinence in situations where drinking is prohibited, such as by the military, in alcohol treatment programs, in professional monitoring programs ...
A positive test is indicated by a change from clear and colourless to turbid, signalling formation of a chloroalkane. [1] Also, the best results for this test are observed in tertiary alcohols, as they form the respective alkyl halides fastest due to higher stability of the intermediate tertiary carbocation.
The CAGE questionnaire, the name of which is an acronym of its four questions, is a widely used screening test for problem drinking and potential alcohol problems.The questionnaire takes less than one minute to administer, [1] and is often used in primary care or other general settings as a quick screening tool rather than as an in-depth interview for those who have alcoholism.
The CRAFFT 2.1 screening tool begins with past-12-month frequency items, rather than the previous "yes/no" question for any use over the past year. A recent study examining these opening yes/no questions found that they had relatively low sensitivity in identifying youth with any past-12-month alcohol or marijuana use (62% and 72%, respectively ...
A primary alcohol is an alcohol in which the hydroxy group is bonded to a primary carbon atom. It can also be defined as a molecule containing a “–CH 2 OH” group. [ 1 ] In contrast, a secondary alcohol has a formula “–CHROH” and a tertiary alcohol has a formula “–CR 2 OH”, where “R” indicates a carbon-containing group.