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  2. Antiphospholipid syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiphospholipid_syndrome

    Antiphospholipid syndrome, or antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS or APLS), is an autoimmune, hypercoagulable state caused by antiphospholipid antibodies.APS can lead to blood clots in both arteries and veins, pregnancy-related complications, and other symptoms like low platelets, kidney disease, heart disease, and rash.

  3. Coombs test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coombs_test

    The direct Coombs test is used to detect antibodies or complement proteins attached to the surface of red blood cells. To perform the test, a blood sample is taken and the red blood cells are washed (removing the patient's plasma and unbound antibodies from the red blood cells) and then incubated with anti-human globulin ("Coombs reagent").

  4. Autoimmune disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune_disease

    Undifferentiated connective tissue disease occurs when people have features of connective tissue disease, such as blood test results and external characteristics, but do not fulfill the diagnostic criteria established for any one connective tissue disease. Some 30–40% transition to a specific connective tissue disease over time.

  5. Extractable nuclear antigen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extractable_nuclear_antigen

    An extractable nuclear antigen panel, or an ENA panel, tests for presence of autoantibodies in the blood that react with proteins in the cell nucleus.It is usually done as a follow-up to a positive antinuclear antibody test and when one is showing symptoms of an autoimmune disorder.

  6. Autoantibody - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoantibody

    Some individuals who do have an autoimmune disorder will have negative autoantibody test results, but at a later date – as the disorder progresses - the autoantibodies may develop. Systemic autoantibody tests are used to: Help diagnose systemic autoimmune disorders.

  7. Antinuclear antibody - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinuclear_antibody

    The ANA test detects the autoantibodies present in an individual's blood serum. The common tests used for detecting and quantifying ANAs are indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In immunofluorescence, the level of autoantibodies is reported as a titre. This is the highest dilution of the serum at which ...

  8. Anti-histone antibodies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-histone_antibodies

    Patients with drug-induced lupus erythematosus typically have positive tests for anti-histone antibodies but do not have indications for anti-dsDNA antibodies. Patients with idiopathic systemic lupus erythematosus have both types of autoantibodies present in their blood. Thus, this test can be useful in distinguishing these two illnesses. [9]

  9. Anti-SSA/Ro autoantibodies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-SSA/Ro_autoantibodies

    Immunofluorescence pattern of SS-A and SS-B antibodies. Produced using serum from a patient on HEp-20-10 cells with a FITC conjugate. Anti-SSA autoantibodies (anti–Sjögren's-syndrome-related antigen A autoantibodies, also called anti-Ro, or similar names including anti-SSA/Ro, anti-Ro/SSA, anti–SS-A/Ro, and anti-Ro/SS-A) are a type of anti-nuclear autoantibodies that are associated with ...