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  2. Pythagorean trigonometric identity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean_trigonometric...

    The angle opposite the leg of length 1 (this angle can be labeled φ = π/2 − θ) has cotangent equal to the length of the other leg, and cosecant equal to the length of the hypotenuse. In that way, this trigonometric identity involving the cotangent and the cosecant also follows from the Pythagorean theorem.

  3. Spherical trigonometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_trigonometry

    Case 3: two sides and an opposite angle given (SSA). The sine rule gives C and then we have Case 7. There are either one or two solutions. Case 4: two angles and an included side given (ASA). The four-part cotangent formulae for sets (cBaC) and (BaCb) give c and b, then A follows from the sine rule. Case 5: two angles and an opposite side given ...

  4. List of integrals of hyperbolic functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_integrals_of...

    3.1 Integrals of hyperbolic tangent, ... Download QR code; Print/export ... In all formulas the constant a is assumed to be nonzero, ...

  5. Proofs of trigonometric identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proofs_of_trigonometric...

    Illustration of the sum formula. Draw a horizontal line (the x -axis); mark an origin O. Draw a line from O at an angle α {\displaystyle \alpha } above the horizontal line and a second line at an angle β {\displaystyle \beta } above that; the angle between the second line and the x -axis is α + β . {\displaystyle \alpha +\beta .}

  6. Law of cotangents - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_cotangents

    Using the usual notations for a triangle (see the figure at the upper right), where a, b, c are the lengths of the three sides, A, B, C are the vertices opposite those three respective sides, α, β, γ are the corresponding angles at those vertices, s is the semiperimeter, that is, s = ⁠ a + b + c / 2 ⁠, and r is the radius of the inscribed circle, the law of cotangents states that

  7. Bernoulli number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernoulli_number

    In mathematics, the Bernoulli numbers B n are a sequence of rational numbers which occur frequently in analysis.The Bernoulli numbers appear in (and can be defined by) the Taylor series expansions of the tangent and hyperbolic tangent functions, in Faulhaber's formula for the sum of m-th powers of the first n positive integers, in the Euler–Maclaurin formula, and in expressions for certain ...

  8. List of integrals of inverse hyperbolic functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_integrals_of...

    For a complete list of integral formulas, see lists of integrals. In all formulas the constant a is assumed to be nonzero, and C denotes the constant of integration. For each inverse hyperbolic integration formula below there is a corresponding formula in the list of integrals of inverse trigonometric functions.

  9. Trigonometric functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometric_functions

    Basis of trigonometry: if two right triangles have equal acute angles, they are similar, so their corresponding side lengths are proportional.. In mathematics, the trigonometric functions (also called circular functions, angle functions or goniometric functions) [1] are real functions which relate an angle of a right-angled triangle to ratios of two side lengths.