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In computer science, the median of medians is an approximate median selection algorithm, frequently used to supply a good pivot for an exact selection algorithm, most commonly quickselect, that selects the kth smallest element of an initially unsorted array. Median of medians finds an approximate median in linear time.
For an arbitrary n there exists a monotone formula for majority of size O(n 5.3). This is proved using probabilistic method. Thus, this formula is non-constructive. [3] Approaches exist for an explicit formula for majority of polynomial size: Take the median from a sorting network, where each compare-and-swap "wire" is simply an OR gate and an ...
In computer science, best, worst, and average cases of a given algorithm express what the resource usage is at least, at most and on average, respectively. Usually the resource being considered is running time, i.e. time complexity, but could also be memory or some other resource. Best case is the function which performs the minimum number of ...
Network calculus is "a set of mathematical results which give insights into man-made systems such as concurrent programs, digital circuits and communication networks." [1] Network calculus gives a theoretical framework for analysing performance guarantees in computer networks.
Network traffic or data traffic is the amount of data moving across a network at a given point of time. [1] Network data in computer networks is mostly encapsulated in network packets, which provide the load in the network. Network traffic is the main component for network traffic measurement, network traffic control and simulation.
A long-tailed or heavy-tailed distribution is one that assigns relatively high probabilities to regions far from the mean or median. A more formal mathematical definition is given below. In the context of teletraffic engineering a number of quantities of interest have been shown to have a long-tailed distribution. For example, if we consider ...
The speed of light imposes a minimum propagation time on all electromagnetic signals. It is not possible to reduce the latency below = / where s is the distance and c m is the speed of light in the medium (roughly 200,000 km/s for most fiber or electrical media, depending on their velocity factor).
Computer and network surveillance programs are widespread today, and almost all Internet traffic is or could potentially be monitored for clues to illegal activity. Surveillance is very useful to governments and law enforcement to maintain social control , recognize and monitor threats, and prevent or investigate criminal activity.