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Byzantine literature is the Greek literature of the Middle Ages, whether written in the Byzantine Empire or outside its borders. [1] It was marked by a linguistic diglossy ; two distinct forms of Byzantine Greek were used, a scholarly dialect based on Attic Greek , and a vernacular based on Koine Greek .
Digenes Akritas (Latinised as Acritas; Greek: Διγενῆς Ἀκρίτας) [a] is a medieval Greek romantic epic that emerged in the 12th-century Byzantine Empire.It is the lengthiest and most famous of the acritic songs, Byzantine folk poems celebrating the lives and exploits of the Akritai, the inhabitants and frontier guards of the empire's eastern Anatolian provinces.
Some older scholarship had speculated that Bibliotheca might have been composed in Baghdad at the time of Photius' embassy to the Abbasid court, since many of the mentioned works are rarely cited during the period before Photius, i.e. the so-called Byzantine "Dark Ages" (c. 630–800), [3] and since it was known that the Abbasids were interested in translating Greek science and philosophy. [4]
With increasing Western presence in the East due to the Crusades, and the gradual collapse of the Byzantine Empire during the Late Middle Ages, many Byzantine Greek scholars fled to Western Europe, bringing with them many original Greek manuscripts, and providing impetus for Greek-language education in the West and further translation efforts ...
Modern Greek began to gain more popularity during this time. Around the mid-12th century, Alexios, son of Emperor John II, composed a didactic poem in the demotic language titled The Young Man. A few years later, Michael Glykas, an imperial secretary, wrote Verses for the emperor in the straightforward and colorful language of the Byzantine ...
Codex Alexandrinus, the oldest Greek witness of the Byzantine text in the Gospels, close to the Family Π (Luke 12:54-13:4). The earliest clear notable patristic witnesses to the Byzantine text come from early eastern church fathers such as Gregory of Nyssa (335 – c. 395), John Chrysostom (347 – 407), Basil the Great (330 – 379) and Cyril of Jerusalem (313 – 386).
Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae Text (the History of Nikephoros Gregoras) from the CSHB. The Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae (CSHB; English: Corpus of Byzantine history writers), also referred to as the Bonn Corpus, is a monumental fifty-volume series of primary sources for the study of Byzantine history (c. 330 –1453), published in the German city of Bonn between 1828 and 1897.
Tzetzes described himself as pure Greek on his father's side and part Iberian on his mother's side. [2] In his works, Tzetzes states that his grandmother was a relative of the Georgian Bagratid princess Maria of Alania who came to Constantinople with her and later became the second wife of the sebastos Constantine Keroularios, megas droungarios and nephew of the patriarch Michael Keroularios.