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Static measurements yield values in-between the advancing and receding contact angle depending on deposition parameters (e.g. velocity, angle, and drop size) and drop history (e.g. evaporation from time of deposition).
This type of measurement is referred to as a static contact angle measurement. [3] The contact angle is affected not only by the surface chemistry but also by the surface roughness. The Young equation, which is the basis for the contact angle, assumes a homogeneous surface with no surface roughness.
In a contact angle measurement, the angle between the droplet and solid surface indicates the wettability of the surface. In surface science , an instrument called a contact angle goniometer or tensiometer measures the static contact angle , advancing and receding contact angles, and sometimes surface tension.
Contact angle method is the standard surface energy measurement method due to its simplicity, applicability to a wide range of surfaces and quickness. The measurement can be fully automated and is standardized. [4] In general, as surface energy increases, the contact angle decreases because more of the liquid is being "grabbed" by the surface.
Contact mechanics is part of mechanical engineering. The physical and mathematical formulation of the subject is built upon the mechanics of materials and continuum mechanics and focuses on computations involving elastic, viscoelastic, and plastic bodies in static or dynamic contact.
The captive bubble method is a method for measuring the contact angle between a liquid and a solid, by using drop shape analysis. [1] In this method, a bubble of air is injected beneath a solid, the surface of which is located in the liquid, instead of placing a drop on the solid as in the case of the sessile drop technique.
The contact angles at which spreading/imbibition occurs are between 0 and π/2. [44] The Wenzel model is valid between θ C and π/2. If the contact angle is less than Θ C, the penetration front spreads beyond the drop and a liquid film forms over the surface. Figure 11 depicts the transition from the Wenzel state to the surface film state.
Wettability is a measure of how well a liquid spreads and how complete the contact of the liquid is across the surface of a solid interface. A small contact angle indicates good wettability, while a large contact angle indicates poor wettability.
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