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animal feed, racing, research, show, pets Tame, significant physical changes Common in the wild and in captivity 1d Rodentia: Fancy rat or laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica) Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) the 19th century CE [53] the United Kingdom: animal feed, research, show, pets Tame, some physical and psychological changes
The art of the Middle Ages was mainly religious, reflecting the relationship between God and man, created in His image. The animal often appears confronted or dominated by man, but a second current of thought stemming from Saint Paul and Aristotle, which developed from the 12th century onwards, includes animals and humans in the same community of living creatures.
This is a list of medieval bestiaries. The bestiary form is commonly divided into "families," as proposed in 1928 by M. R. James [ 1 ] and revised by Florence McCulloch in 1959–1962. In the absence of popular culture books, people in the Middle Ages in Europe took superstition for granted, and the unthinkable can easily be accepted as the ...
The contents of medieval bestiaries were often obtained and created from combining older textual sources and accounts of animals, such as the Physiologus. [9] Medieval bestiaries contained detailed descriptions and illustrations of species native to Western Europe, exotic animals and what in modern times are considered to be imaginary animals.
In the English language, many animals have different names depending on whether they are male, female, young, domesticated, or in groups. The best-known source of many English words used for collective groupings of animals is The Book of Saint Albans , an essay on hunting published in 1486 and attributed to Juliana Berners . [ 1 ]
Articles relating to peasants, pre-industrial agricultural laborers or farmers with limited land-ownership, especially those living in the Middle Ages under feudalism and paying rent, tax, fees, or services to a landlord.. In Europe, three classes of peasants existed: slaves, serfs, and free tenants.
With few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, are able to move, reproduce sexually, and grow from a hollow sphere of cells, the blastula, during embryonic development. Over 1.5 million living animal species have been described —of which around 1 million are insects —but it has been estimated there are over 7 million ...
The open field system of agriculture dominated most of Europe during medieval times and endured until the nineteenth century in many areas. Under this system, peasants lived on a manor presided over by a lord or a bishop of the church. Peasants paid rent or labor services to the lord in exchange for their right to cultivate the land.