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  2. Glossary of philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_philosophy

    Also called humanocentrism. The practice, conscious or otherwise, of regarding the existence and concerns of human beings as the central fact of the universe. This is similar, but not identical, to the practice of relating all that happens in the universe to the human experience. To clarify, the first position concludes that the fact of human existence is the point of universal existence; the ...

  3. Objectivism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objectivism

    Objectivism is a philosophical system named and developed by Russian-American writer and philosopher Ayn Rand.She described it as "the concept of man as a heroic being, with his own happiness as the moral purpose of his life, with productive achievement as his noblest activity, and reason as his only absolute".

  4. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Vindication_of_the...

    A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects (1792), written by British philosopher and women's rights advocate Mary Wollstonecraft (1759–1797), is one of the earliest works of feminist philosophy. In it, Wollstonecraft responds to those educational and political theorists of the eighteenth century who ...

  5. Essentialism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essentialism

    To give an example: the ideal form of a circle is a perfect circle, something that is physically impossible to make manifest; yet the circles we draw and observe clearly have some idea in common—the ideal form. Plato proposed that these ideas are eternal and vastly superior to their manifestations, and that we understand these manifestations ...

  6. Epistemic injustice - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemic_injustice

    Epistemic injustice is injustice related to knowledge. It includes exclusion and silencing; systematic distortion or misrepresentation of one's meanings or contributions; undervaluing of one's status or standing in communicative practices; unfair distinctions in authority; and unwarranted distrust.

  7. Consequentialism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consequentialism

    The term consequentialism was coined by G. E. M. Anscombe in her essay "Modern Moral Philosophy" in 1958. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] However, the meaning of the word has changed over the time since Anscombe used it: in the sense she coined it, she had explicitly placed J.S. Mill in the nonconsequentialist and W.D. Ross in the consequentialist camp, whereas ...

  8. List of philosophical problems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_philosophical_problems

    The opposite has also been claimed, for example by Karl Popper, who held that such problems do exist, that they are solvable, and that he had actually found definite solutions to some of them. David Chalmers divides inquiry into philosophical progress in meta-philosophy into three questions. The Existence Question: is there progress in philosophy?

  9. An Essay Towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_towards_a_Real...

    The first edition cover page. An Essay Towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language (London, 1668) is the best-remembered of the numerous works of John Wilkins, in which he expounds a new universal language, meant primarily to facilitate international communication among scholars, but envisioned for use by diplomats, travelers, and merchants as well.