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The Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded to 226 individuals as of 2024. [5] The first prize in physics was awarded in 1901 to Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, of Germany, who received 150,782 SEK. John Bardeen is the only laureate to win the prize twice—in 1956 and 1972.
John Bardeen (/ b ɑːr ˈ d iː n /; May 23, 1908 – January 30, 1991) [2] was an American physicist.He is the only person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics twice: first in 1956 with Walter Houser Brattain and William Shockley for their invention of the transistor; and again in 1972 with Leon Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer for their development of the BCS theory.
Steven Weinberg (/ ˈ w aɪ n b ɜːr ɡ /; May 3, 1933 – July 23, 2021) was an American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate in physics for his contributions with Abdus Salam and Sheldon Glashow to the unification of the weak force and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles.
Among the 892 Nobel laureates, 48 have been women; the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize was Marie Curie, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903. [12] She was also the first person (male or female) to be awarded two Nobel Prizes, the second award being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, given in 1911. [11]
Ernest Orlando Lawrence (August 8, 1901 – August 27, 1958) was an American nuclear physicist and laureate of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1939 for his invention of the cyclotron. [1] He is known for his work on uranium-isotope separation for the Manhattan Project , as well as for founding the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the ...
Pauli said, "Festkörperphysik ist eine Schmutzphysik"—solid-state physics is the physics of dirt. [24] Pauli was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1953 and president of the Swiss Physical Society in 1955 for two years. [1] In 1958 he became a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. [25]
A maximum of three Nobel laureates and two different works may be selected for the Nobel Prize in Physics. [12] Compared with other Nobel Prizes, the nomination and selection process for the prize in physics is long and rigorous. This is a key reason why it has grown in importance over the years to become the most important prize in Physics. [13]
The apparatus he used to first liquefy helium is on display in the lobby of the physics department at Leiden University, where the low-temperature lab is also named in his honor. His student and successor as director of the lab Willem Hendrik Keesom was the first person who was able to solidify helium, in 1926. The former Kamerlingh Onnes ...