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The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Christian Latin Church in the medieval period.The best known of these military expeditions are those to the Holy Land between 1095 and 1291 that had the objective of reconquering Jerusalem and its surrounding area from Muslim rule after the region had been conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate ...
The second is The Crusades, [193] by English historian Ernest Barker, in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition). Collectively, Bréhier and Barker wrote more than 50 articles for these two publications. [194] [195] Barker's work was later revised as The Crusades [127] and Bréhier published Histoire anonyme de la première croisade. [196]
Celestine III calls for a crusades in Spain and in Northern Europe. [63] 1194. 4 February. Richard the Lionheart is ransomed and released from captivity. [58] 11 March. Forgiving his brother John of England for his revolt with Philip II of France during his captivity, Richard the Lionheart was crowned a second time and declares war on France ...
Crusade Time Description People's Crusade 1096 The People's Crusade (1096). A prelude to the First Crusade led by Peter the Hermit. See above. Children's Crusade 1212 The Children's Crusade was a failed Popular Crusade by the West to regain the Holy Land. The traditional narrative includes some factual and some mythical events including visions ...
The Third Crusade (1189–1192) was an attempt led by King Philip II of France, King Richard I of England, and Emperor Frederick Barbarossa to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by the Ayyubid sultan Saladin in 1187. For this reason, the Third Crusade is also known as the Kings' Crusade. [13]
Paschal II preaches new a crusade, threatening excommunication for failure to fulfill vows. [160] Christmas Day. Baldwin I of Jerusalem is elected king. [t] [161] Late. Gesta Francorum (Deeds of the Franks), an anonymous chronicle covering the period from November 1095 until the Battle of Ascalon, is written. [162]
The History of the Crusades, a translation of Histoire des Croisades by Joseph François Michaud (translated by William Robson), Covering the period 300–1095, the Crusades from 1096–1270, attempted Crusades against the Turks from 1291–1396, and Crusades against the Turks from 1453–1481. [17]
(Date unknown). Henry Beaufort and Philip the Good plan a joint crusade against Bohemia in the midst of the on-going Anglo-French War. [111] October. English decision to attack Orléans reduces Philip's support for the Bohemian crusade. [112] 1429. 29 April. Joan of Arc joins the Siege of Orléans with a relief expedition. [113] 17 July.