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Thus, one standard solution is needed (e.g. HCl) in the direct titration, while two are needed (e.g. HCl and NaOH) in the back-titration. One of the suitable indicators for these titration reactions is Tashiro's indicator. [3] In practice, this analysis is largely automated; specific catalysts accelerate the decomposition. Originally, the ...
In analytical chemistry, Karl Fischer titration is a classic titration method that uses coulometric or volumetric titration to determine trace amounts of water in a sample. It was invented in 1935 by the German chemist Karl Fischer. [1] [2] Today, the titration is done with an automated Karl Fischer titrator.
In analytical chemistry, potentiometric titration is a technique similar to direct titration of a redox reaction. It is a useful means of characterizing an acid . No indicator is used; instead the electric potential is measured across the analyte , typically an electrolyte solution.
On Padé approximations to the exponential function and A-stable methods for the numerical solution of initial value problems (PDF) (Thesis). Hairer, Ernst; Nørsett, Syvert Paul; Wanner, Gerhard (1993), Solving ordinary differential equations I: Nonstiff problems, Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 978-3-540-56670-0.
In titrations, the concentration of analyte in solution can be determined by titrating the standard solution against the analyte solution to determine the threshold of neutralization. [9] For example, to calculate the concentration of hydrogen chloride, a standard solution of known concentration, such as 0.5 M sodium hydroxide, is titrated ...
In chemical thermodynamics, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is a physical technique used to determine the thermodynamic parameters of interactions in solution. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is most often used to study the binding of small molecules (such as medicinal compounds) to larger macromolecules ( proteins , DNA etc.) in a label-free environment.
A typical titration curve of a diprotic acid, oxalic acid, titrated with a strong base, sodium hydroxide.Both equivalence points are visible. Titrations are often recorded on graphs called titration curves, which generally contain the volume of the titrant as the independent variable and the pH of the solution as the dependent variable (because it changes depending on the composition of the ...
A complexometric indicator is an ionochromic dye that undergoes a definite color change in presence of specific metal ions. [1] It forms a weak complex with the ions present in the solution, which has a significantly different color from the form existing outside the complex.