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A nabothian cyst (or nabothian follicle) [1] is a mucus-filled cyst on the surface of the cervix. They are most often caused when stratified squamous epithelium of the ectocervix (portion nearest to the vagina) grows over the simple columnar epithelium of the endocervix (portion nearest to the uterus).
[17]: 410–411 A buildup of mucus in the glands forms Nabothian cysts, usually less than about 5 mm (0.20 in) in diameter, [4] which are considered physiological rather than pathological. [17]: 411 Both gland openings and Nabothian cysts are helpful to identify the transformation zone. [15]: 106
Reproductive tract infection (RTI) are infections that affect the reproductive tract, which is part of the reproductive system.For females, reproductive tract infections can affect the upper reproductive tract (fallopian tubes, ovary and uterus) and the lower reproductive tract (vagina, cervix and vulva); for males these infections affect the penis, testicles, urethra or the vas deferens.
As the disease progresses, nonspecific findings can include free pelvic fluid, endometrial thickening, uterine cavity distension by fluid or gas. In some instances the borders of the uterus and ovaries appear indistinct. Enlarged ovaries accompanied by increased numbers of small cysts correlates with PID. [28]
A Bartholin's cyst is an abscess of a Bartholin's gland. Bartholin's glands are located within the labia, or the skin folds surrounding the vaginal opening. [17] Bartholin's cysts can be painful and may require drainage or surgical removal in order to resolve. [17]
Pain and infertility are common symptoms, although 20–25% of affected women are asymptomatic. [1] Presence of pain symptoms are associated with the type of endometrial lesions as 50% of women with typical lesions, 10% of women with cystic ovarian lesions, and 5% of women with deep endometriosis do not have pain.
Normal menstrual cycle length is 22–45 days. [4]Amenorrhea is the absence of a menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age. Physiologic states of amenorrhoea are seen during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding).
Histopathology of follicular cervicitis, H&E stain, with typical features. It is a form of chronic cervicitis, with various causes. [7]To diagnose cervicitis, a clinician will perform a pelvic exam.
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