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If permanent restoration cannot be carried out immediately after tooth preparation, temporary restoration may be performed. The prepared tooth, ready for placement of restorative materials, is generally called a tooth preparation. Materials used may be gold, amalgam, dental composites, glass ionomer cement, or porcelain, among others.
Bone decalcification is the softening of bones due to the removal of calcium ions, and can be performed as a histological technique to study bones and extract DNA. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This process also occurs naturally during bone development and growth, and when uninhibited, can cause diseases such as osteomalacia .
Socket preservation or alveolar ridge preservation is a procedure to reduce bone loss after tooth extraction. [1] [2] After tooth extraction, the jaw bone has a natural tendency to become narrow, and lose its original shape because the bone quickly resorbs, resulting in 30–60% loss in bone volume in the first six months. [3]
Patients may need post-orthodontic surgery, such as a fiberotomy or alternatively a gum lift, to prepare their teeth for retainer use and improve the gumline contours after the braces come off. After braces treatment, patients can use a transparent plate to keep the teeth in alignment for a certain period of time. After treatment, patients ...
Jaw surgery may be required to fix severe malocclusions. [42] The bone is broken during surgery and stabilized with titanium (or bioresorbable) plates and screws to allow for healing to take place. [43] After surgery, regular orthodontic treatment is used to move the teeth into their final position. [44]
Fixed prosthodontics is the branch of prosthodontics that focuses on dental prostheses that are permanently affixed (fixed). Crowns, bridges (fixed dentures), inlays, onlays, and veneers are some examples of indirect dental restorations.
Top (left) and bottom (right) retainers Vacuum form retainer in the foreground (used on upper); illustration of an early Hawley retainer in the background. Orthodontic retainers are custom-made devices, usually made of wires or clear plastic, that hold teeth in position after surgery or any method of realigning teeth.
Palatal expander in mixed dentition. Rapid palatal expansion (RPE) or Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) is an expansion technique where expansion of 0.5 mm to 1 mm is achieved each day until the posterior crossbite is relieved.