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Hebrew cantillation, trope, trop, or te'amim is the manner of chanting ritual readings from the Hebrew Bible in synagogue services. The chants are written and notated in accordance with the special signs or marks printed in the Masoretic Text of the Bible, to complement the letters and vowel points .
Etnachta (Hebrew: Hebrew: אֶתְנַחְתָּא, with variant English spellings) is one of the most common cantillation marks in the Torah and Haftarah. It is the anchor for the Etnachta group, which in full consists of four different trope sounds, not all of which are always present. These are Mercha, Tipcha, Munach, and its namesake Etnachta.
Cantillation is the ritual chanting of prayers and responses. [1] [2] It often specifically refers to Jewish Hebrew cantillation. Cantillation sometimes refers to diacritics used in texts that are to be chanted in liturgy. Cantillation includes: Chant. Byzantine chant; Gallican chant; Gregorian chant; Old Roman chant; Syriac chant; Vedic chant ...
Mercha (Hebrew: מֵרְכָא, also spelled Merkha and other variant English spellings) is a cantillation mark commonly found in the Torah, Haftarah, and other books that are chanted. Mercha is found in several trope groups, though the melody varies from one use to the next.
Mahpach (Hebrew: מַהְפַּךְ, with variant English spellings) is a common cantillation mark found in the Torah, Haftarah, and other books of the Hebrew Bible. It is part of the Katan group, and it frequently begins the group. The symbol for the Mahpach is <. [1] Mahpach is always followed by a pashta.
Zakef Gadol (Hebrew: זָקֵף גָּדוֹל, with variant English spellings) is a cantillation mark that is commonly found in the Torah and Haftarah. It is represented by a vertical line on the left and two dots one on top of the other on the right. The Zakef gadol is one of two versions of the Zakef trope.
The Shalshelet (Hebrew: שַלְשֶלֶת) is a cantillation mark found in the Torah. It is one of the rarest used, occurring just four times in the entire Torah, [1] in Genesis 19:16, 24:12, and 39:8, and in Leviticus 8:23. The four words accented with the shalshelet mark all occur at the beginning of the verse. [2]
Kadma (Hebrew: קַדְמָא, with variant English spellings) is a common cantillation mark found in the Torah, Haftarah, and other books of the Hebrew Bible.It can be found by itself preceding certain trope groups, or together with a Geresh, in which case, the pair is known as "Kadma-V'Azla."