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Function CRC32 Input: data: Bytes // Array of bytes Output: crc32: UInt32 // 32-bit unsigned CRC-32 value // Initialize CRC-32 to starting value crc32 ← 0xFFFFFFFF for each byte in data do nLookupIndex ← (crc32 xor byte) and 0xFF crc32 ← (crc32 shr 8) xor CRCTable[nLookupIndex] // CRCTable is an array of 256 32-bit constants
To compute an n-bit binary CRC, line the bits representing the input in a row, and position the (n + 1)-bit pattern representing the CRC's divisor (called a "polynomial") underneath the left end of the row. In this example, we shall encode 14 bits of message with a 3-bit CRC, with a polynomial x 3 + x + 1.
These inversions are extremely common but not universally performed, even in the case of the CRC-32 or CRC-16-CCITT polynomials. They are almost always included when sending variable-length messages, but often omitted when communicating fixed-length messages, as the problem of added zero bits is less likely to arise.
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based on Keccak MD6: 512 bits Merkle tree NLFSR: One-key MAC (OMAC; CMAC) PMAC (cryptography) Poly1305-AES: 128 bits nonce-based SipHash: 32, 64 or 128 bits non-collision-resistant PRF: HighwayHash [16] 64, 128 or 256 bits non-collision-resistant PRF: UMAC: VMAC
A checksum of a message is a modular arithmetic sum of message code words of a fixed word length (e.g., byte values). The sum may be negated by means of a ones'-complement operation prior to transmission to detect unintentional all-zero messages.