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2.1 Beef cattle. 2.2 Dairy cattle. 2.3 Pigs. 2.4 ... or feed conversion rate is a ratio or rate measuring of the efficiency with which the bodies of livestock convert ...
By selecting animals with the aim to reduce RFI, farmers can breed animals that eat less but continue at the same rate of production. [ 1 ] There is no phenotype link between RFI and the characteristics used to calculate expected feed intake, which allows for the comparison of animals who function at differing production numbers.
Nitrogen concentration of cattle urine varies between approximately 3.0 and 10.5 g/L. Although many nitrogenous constituents are involved in the chemical make-up of cattle urine, urea is dominant. Urea concentration represents 52.0% to 93.5% of total urinary nitrogen and is dependent upon the amount of dietary protein consumed by cattle. [ 6 ]
Cattle are often "finished" here, spending the last months before their slaughter gaining weight. They are fed nutritionally dense feed, also known as "concentrate" or "filler corn", in stalls, pens and feedlots at high stocking densities in enclosures. This achieves maximal rates of liveweight gain. [3] [4]
Smithfield Foods hog CAFO, Unionville, Missouri, 2013. In animal husbandry, a concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO), as defined by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), is an intensive animal feeding operation (AFO) in which over 1,000 animal units are confined for over 45 days a year.
The Stoß is a unit of cattle stock density used in the Alps. For each Alm or Alp it is worked out how many Stoß (Swiss: Stössen) can be grazed (bestoßen); one cow equals one Stoß, 3 bulls equal 2 Stöße, a calf is 1 ⁄ 4 Stoß, a horse of 1, 2 or 3 years old is worth 1, 2 or 3 Stöße, a pig equals 1 ⁄ 4, a goat or a sheep is 1 ⁄ 5 Stoß
A feed ratio is a measure of profitability of animal husbandry, expressed as the ratio between the cost of food and the price of the final product.. For example, in pig farming, the hog/corn ratio is the number of bushels of corn equal in value to 100 pounds of live hogs.
Liebig's law states that growth only occurs at the rate permitted by the most limiting factor. [ 2 ] For instance, in the equation below, the growth of population O {\displaystyle O} is a function of the minimum of three Michaelis-Menten terms representing limitation by factors I {\displaystyle I} , N {\displaystyle N} and P {\displaystyle P} .