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The historiography of early Islam is the secular scholarly literature on the early history of Islam during the 7th century, from Muhammad's first purported revelations in 610 until the disintegration of the Rashidun Caliphate in 661, and arguably throughout the 8th century and the duration of the Umayyad Caliphate, terminating in the incipient Islamic Golden Age around the beginning of the 9th ...
The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.
Modern scholars differ in their assessment of the Quran as a historical source about Muhammad's life. According to the Encyclopedia of Islam, the "Qur'an responds constantly and often candidly to Muhammad's changing historical circumstances and contains a wealth of hidden data that are relevant to the task of the quest for the historical Muhammad."
Islam reduced the effect of blood feuds and tribal feuds, which was common among the pre-Islamic Arabs, by encouraging compensation in money rather than blood. In case the aggrieved party insisted on blood, unlike the pre-Islamic Arab tradition in which any male relative could be slain, only the culprit himself could be executed.
The Mihna (Arabic: محنة خلق القرآن, romanized: miḥna khalaq al-qurʾān, lit. 'ordeal of Quranic createdness') (also known as the first Muslim inquisition) was a period of religious persecution instituted by the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun in 833 AD in which religious scholars were punished, imprisoned, or even killed [citation needed] unless they conformed to Muʿtazila doctrine.
They found the cities to be separated by one degree of latitude and the corresponding meridian arc distance to be 66⅔ Arabic miles and thus calculated the Earth's circumference to be 24,000 miles (39,000 km). [3] Using this measurement, knowing that earth's circumference is 40,007.683 km makes the Arabic mile little more than 1,666.994 metres.
The adoration of cats in Islam can be traced to the faith's Hadith (literally meaning 'statement'), a collection of wisdom and phrases from Prophet Muhammad. The story goes that the Prophet ...
The Islamic conquests, which culminated in the Arab empire being established across three continents (Asia, Africa, and Europe), enriched the Muslim world, achieving the economic preconditions for the emergence of this institution owing to the emphasis attached to Islamic teachings. [5] Trade played an important role in the spread of Islam in ...