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These spores are produced in sporangia that develop on the leaves of the fern's sporophyte. The fern can also reproduce by the division of its rhizomes. On the underside of the blades, the sori (reproductive clusters) are round, discrete, and sunken. Their outline can be seen as raised dimples on the upper surface.
Fern spores are borne in sporangia which are usually clustered to form sori. The sporangia may be covered with a protective coating called an indusium. The arrangement of the sporangia is important in classification. [6] In monomorphic ferns, the fertile and sterile leaves look morphologically the same, and both are able to photosynthesize.
The sori comprise clusters of sporangia (spore cases) 2–4 mm (1/10–1/6 in) in diameter, [7] like beads, on upright fertile fronds, hence the common name Bead fern. Sori are typically bilaterally symmetrical, though leaf forms have been observed with pinnae fertile only on a single side of the rachis .
Propagating ferns from spores is a delightful process, but requires a fair bit of time. If you're looking for instant gratification, propagating from rhizome is an easier way—although plants may ...
The gametes fuse, forming the diploid sporophyte, the 'fern' part of the life cycle. [8] [10] [11] Aglaomorpha also naturally exhibits apospory, the production of a gametophyte not from spores, but directly from the vegetative cells of the sporophytes. Their leaves can develop prothalli under dim light and sporophytic buds in strong light. [12]
Bracken (Pteridium) is a genus of large, coarse ferns in the family Dennstaedtiaceae. Ferns (Pteridophyta) are vascular plants that have alternating generations, large plants that produce spores and small plants that produce sex cells (eggs and sperm). Brackens are noted for their large, highly divided leaves.
In paleontology, a fern spike is the occurrence of unusually high spore abundance of ferns in the fossil record, usually immediately (in a geological sense) after an extinction event. The spikes are believed to represent a large, temporary increase in the number of ferns relative to other terrestrial plants after the extinction or thinning of ...
The leaves of Salvinia minima are small and oval, ranging from 0.4 to 2 centimeters in length. [1] Each rhizome of the fern floats close to the surface and has a joined set of leaves that branch off horizontally. [1] The leaves grow in joined sets of three, with two leaves floating on the surface and one leaf dissected, hanging underneath. [4]