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Bidirectional script support is the capability of a computer system to correctly display bidirectional text. The term is often shortened to "BiDi" or "bidi".Early computer installations were designed only to support a single writing system, typically for left-to-right scripts based on the Latin alphabet only.
Similarly, Unicode handles the mixture of left-to-right-text alongside right-to-left text without any special characters. For example, one can quote Arabic (“بسم الله”) (translated into English as "Bismillah") right alongside English and the Arabic letters will flow from right-to-left and the Latin letters left-to-right.
One of Unicode's major features is support of bi-directional (Bidi) text display right-to-left (R-to-L) and left-to-right (L-to-R). The Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm UAX9 [20] describes the process of presenting text with altering script directions. For example, it enables a Hebrew quote in an English text.
HTML and XML provide ways to reference Unicode characters when the characters themselves either cannot or should not be used. A numeric character reference refers to a character by its Universal Character Set/Unicode code point, and a character entity reference refers to a character by a predefined name.
In the first example, without an LRM control character, a web browser will render the ++ on the left of the "C" because the browser recognizes that the paragraph is in a right-to-left text and applies punctuation, which is neutral as to its direction, according to the direction of the adjacent text. The LRM control character causes the ...
In the second line, bidirectional display has been applied, and in the third the glyph-shaping mechanism has rendered the letters according to context. Complex text layout (CTL) or complex text rendering is the typesetting of writing systems in which the shape or positioning of a grapheme depends on its relation
1. ^ Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm (UAX#9), As of Unicode version 16.0 2. ^ Possible Bidirectional character types for character property: Bidi_Class or 'type' 3. ^ Bidi_Control characters: Twelve Bidi_Control formatting characters are defined. They are invisible, and have no effect apart from directionality.
^ Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm (UAX#9), As of version 6.3.0 2. ^ Possible Bidirectional character types for character property: Bidi_Class or 'type' 3. ^ Bidi_Control characters: Twelve Bidi_Control formatting characters are defined. They are invisible, and have no effect apart from directionality.