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A fish's hypoxia tolerance can be represented in different ways. A commonly used representation is the critical O 2 tension (P crit), which is the lowest water O 2 tension (P O 2) at which a fish can maintain a stable O 2 consumption rate (M O 2). [2]
Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are used in home aquaria and for fish production where water exchange is limited and the use of biofiltration is required to reduce ammonia toxicity. [1] Other types of filtration and environmental control are often also necessary to maintain clean water and provide a suitable habitat for fish. [2]
During the 1970s, large-scale production of chemicals dramatically increased initiating new legislation to appease public concern about potential harmful effects. [2] After implementation of the Toxic Substances Control Act in 1977, the US Environmental Protection Agency required chemicals, new and existing, to be assessed for risks to human health and ecological systems. [3]
In modern times it is frequently used as a tool to remove alien fish species, [10] as it has a relatively short half-life (days) and is gone from rivers in the course of days and from lakes within a few months, depending on (seasonal) stirring, organic content, availability of sunlight and temperature. [11] Rotenone has been used by government ...
An ancient basin for fish preservation in Tyritake, Crimea A fish-drying rack in Norway. Fish preservation is the method of increasing the shelf life of fish and other fish products by applying the principles of different branches of science in order to keep the fish, after it has landed, in a condition wholesome and fit for human consumption.
In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not clear, and the terms anterior or proximal intestine may be used instead of duodenum. [21] The small intestine is found in all teleosts, although its form and length vary enormously between species. In teleosts, it is relatively short, typically around one and a half times the length of the ...
Fishery – the activities leading to and resulting in the harvesting of fish. It may involve capture of wild fish or raising of fish through aquaculture. A fishery is characterised by the species caught, the fishing gear used, and the area of operation. Fishing effort – a measure of how much work is needed by fishermen to catch fish ...
For instance, in Salmoniformes, the need to collect the eggs by stripping is a serious limitation, while the time of ovulation must be predicted with accuracy, as over-ripening may take place in minutes or hours after ovulation. [7] Therefore, control of broodstock reproductive is essential for the sustainability of commercial aquaculture ...