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  2. Chemical polarity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_polarity

    Ionic bonds generally occur when the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms is greater than 2.0; Pauling based this classification scheme on the partial ionic character of a bond, which is an approximate function of the difference in electronegativity between the two bonded atoms. He estimated that a difference of 1.7 corresponds ...

  3. Potassium hydroxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_hydroxide

    About 112 g of KOH dissolve in 100 mL water at room temperature, which contrasts with 100 g/100 mL for NaOH. [14] Thus on a molar basis, KOH is slightly more soluble than NaOH. Lower molecular-weight alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and propanols are also excellent solvents. They participate in an acid-base equilibrium.

  4. Potassium superoxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_superoxide

    Potassium superoxide is a source of superoxide, which is an oxidant and a nucleophile, depending on its reaction partner. [8]Upon contact with water, it undergoes disproportionation to potassium hydroxide, oxygen, and hydrogen peroxide:

  5. Ionic bonding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_bonding

    Thus, bonding is considered ionic where the ionic character is greater than the covalent character. The larger the difference in electronegativity between the two types of atoms involved in the bonding, the more ionic (polar) it is. Bonds with partially ionic and partially covalent character are called polar covalent bonds. For example, Na–Cl ...

  6. Van Arkel–Ketelaar triangle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Arkel–Ketelaar_triangle

    Rather, bond types are interconnected and different compounds have varying degrees of different bonding character (for example, covalent bonds with significant ionic character are called polar covalent bonds). Six years later, in 1947, Ketelaar developed van Arkel's idea by adding more compounds and placing bonds on different sides of the triangle.

  7. Hydrogen chloride - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_chloride

    In part because of its high polarity, HCl is very soluble in water (and in other polar solvents). Upon contact, H 2 O and HCl combine to form hydronium cations [H 3 O] + and chloride anions Cl − through a reversible chemical reaction: HCl + H 2 O → [H 3 O] + + Cl −. The resulting solution is called hydrochloric acid and is a strong acid.

  8. Bonding in solids - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonding_in_solids

    Covalent and ionic bonding form a continuum, with ionic character increasing with increasing difference in the electronegativity of the participating atoms. Covalent bonding corresponds to sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms of essentially equal electronegativity (for example, C–C and C–H bonds in aliphatic hydrocarbons).

  9. Salt bridge (protein and supramolecular) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_bridge_(protein_and...

    In chemistry, a salt bridge is a combination of two non-covalent interactions: hydrogen bonding and ionic bonding (Figure 1). Ion pairing is one of the most important noncovalent forces in chemistry, in biological systems, in different materials and in many applications such as ion pair chromatography .