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clone pull push branch – commit –branch clone/open update N/A add rm/del mv/rename N/A merge commit revert Fossil's repository is single sqlite file itself N/A Git: init – init –bare clone – clone –bare fetch push branch checkout pull N/A add rm mv cp [then] git add [nb 67] merge commit reset –hard bundle rebase Mercurial: init ...
git add [file], which adds a file to git's working directory (files about to be committed). git commit -m [commit message], which commits the files from the current working directory (so they are now part of the repository's history). A .gitignore file may be created in a Git repository as a plain text file. The files listed in the .gitignore ...
The users of the version control system can branch any branch. Branches are also known as trees, streams or codelines. The originating branch is sometimes called the parent branch, the upstream branch (or simply upstream, especially if the branches are maintained by different organizations or individuals), or the backing stream.
Similarly, some distributed systems now offer features that mitigate the issues of checkout times and storage costs, such as the Virtual File System for Git developed by Microsoft to work with very large codebases, [8] which exposes a virtual file system that downloads files to local storage only as they are needed.
Fossil [open, distributed] – written by D. Richard Hipp for SQLite; distributed revision control, wiki, bug-tracking, and forum (all-in-one solution) with console and web interfaces; single portable executable and single repository file; Git [open, distributed] – designed by Linus Torvalds for Linux kernel development; decentralized; goals ...
A branch is created, the code in the files is independently edited, and the updated branch is later incorporated into a single, unified trunk. A set of files is branched , a problem that existed before the branching is fixed in one branch, and the fix is then merged into the other branch.
Facebook and Microsoft chose to contribute to or fork existing version control software Mercurial and Git respectively, while Google eventually created their own version control system. For more than ten years, Google had relied on Perforce hosted on a single machine. In 2005 Google's build servers could get locked up to 10 minutes at a time.
Files are tracked using the same history format as in RCS, with a hidden directory containing a corresponding history file for each file in the repository. CVS uses delta compression for efficient storage of different versions of the same file. This works well with large text files with few changes from one version to the next.