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Tooth discoloration is abnormal tooth color, hue or translucency. [1] External discoloration is accumulation of stains on the tooth surface. Internal discoloration is due to absorption of pigment particles into tooth structure. [2] [3] Sometimes there are several different co-existent factors responsible for discoloration. [4]
In dental enamel, fluorosis causes subsurface porosity or hypomineralizations, which extend toward the dentinal-enamel junction as the condition progresses and the affected teeth become more susceptible to staining. Due to diffusion of exogenous ions (e.g., iron and copper), stains develop into the increasingly and abnormally porous enamel. [7]
Tooth discolouration and staining is primarily due to two sources of stain: intrinsic and extrinsic (see Figure 2). [1] In essence, tooth whitening primarily targets those intrinsic stains in which cannot be removed through mechanics such as a debridement (clean) or prophylaxis, in the dental office. [6]
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The process of teeth blackening begins with the sanitisation of the mouth, this was done by brushing the teeth with a mixture of dried betel, stewed charcoal powder, and salt. Before dyeing the teeth, the person who was dyeing had to chew and rinse their teeth with a rice wine-lemon juice mixture to prepare the surface of the teeth for dyeing.
Teeth whitening strips are easy-to-use, peel-and-stick strips that you wear on your teeth for 15 to 30 minutes each day. "Most kits come with a 30-day supply and are relatively easy to use," says ...
The preparation is not swallowed but is spat out after chewing. Chewing results in permanent red stains on the teeth after prolonged use. The spit from chewing betel nuts, which also results in red stains, is often regarded as unhygienic and an eyesore in public facilities in certain countries. [1] [5] [6]
According to Fraundorf, a good general rule of thumb is that if something can stain a white T-shirt, it can also stain your teeth. “Things like coffee, tea, red wine, sodas, sports drinks ...