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Calcifediol is the precursor for calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D. [3] [4] It is synthesized in the liver, by hydroxylation of cholecalciferol (vitamin D 3) at the 25-position. [3] This enzymatic 25-hydroxylase reaction is mostly due to the actions of CYP2R1 , present in microsomes , although other enzymes such as mitochondrial CYP27A1 ...
The Institute of Medicine in 2010 recommended a maximum uptake of vitamin D of 4000 IU/d, finding that the dose for lowest observed adverse effect level is 40,000 IU daily for at least 12 weeks, [25] and that there was a single case of toxicity above 10 000 IU after more than seven years of daily intake; this case of toxicity occurred in ...
Vitamin D toxicity, or hypervitaminosis D, is the toxic state of an excess of vitamin D.The normal range for blood concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in adults is 20 to 50 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL).
In pharmacology, the international unit (IU) is a unit of measurement for the effect or biological activity of a substance, for the purpose of easier comparison across similar forms of substances. International units are used to quantify vitamins and biologics ( hormones , some medications , vaccines , blood products and similar biologically ...
International units (IU) are based on measured biological activity or effect, or for some substances, a specified equivalent mass. [ citation needed ] Enzyme activity ( kat ) is commonly used for e.g. liver function tests like AST , ALT , LD and γ-GT in Sweden.
Mapping of several bone diseases onto levels of vitamin D (calcidiol) in the blood [6] Normal bone vs. osteoporosis. Vitamin D deficiency is typically diagnosed by measuring the concentration of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the blood, which is the most accurate measure of stores of vitamin D in the body.