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The history of Iran's culture is marked by the influence of ancient civilizations such as the Elamites and Persians, as well as the Achaemenid and Sassanian empires. [10]The Arab conquest in the 7th century introduced Islamic traditions, which merged with pre-Islamic customs.
The cultural and linguistic variety of the region is shown in their works. [32] The Shirvanshahs adopted the names and regalia of pre-Islamic Persian kings. [36] In his Layla and Majnun, Nizami Ganjavi praises the Shirvanshah Akhsitan I as the "king of Iran." [37]
The dynasty's unique and aristocratic culture transformed the Islamic conquest and destruction of Iran into a Persian Renaissance. [69] Much of what later became known as Islamic culture, architecture, writing, and other contributions to civilization, were taken from the Sassanian Persians into the broader Muslim world. [73]
Since Zoroastrianism is an ancient pre-Islamic religion, it was now glorified as the historic and original Iranian religion. This changed the status of Zoroastrians from being one of the most persecuted minorities in Iran to a symbol of Iranian nationalism. [26] This notion would carry on all the way through until the 1979 Islamic Revolution.
Although Arabization was a common element of the early Muslim conquests, it did not have as significant of an impact in Iran as it did elsewhere, as the Iranian populace persisted in maintaining many of their pre-Islamic traditions, such as their language and culture, albeit with adaptations to conform to the nascent religion.
In the pre-Islamic Sasanian Empire, the dehqans were considered minor landowners. The term dehqan emerged as a hereditary social class in the later Sassanid era, that managed local affairs and whom peasants were obliged to obey. Following the suppression of the Mazdakite uprising, Khosrau I implemented social reforms which benefited the dehqans.
Ayyār, at times synonymous with javānmard ("young man"), referred to a member of a class of warriors in Iran from the 9th to the 12th century. [ 17 ] Šāhnāme ("Book of Kings"), the national epic of Iran, written by 10th-century Persian poet Ferdowsi , based on Xwadāynāmag , a Middle Persian compilation of the history of Iranian kings and ...
The script of the psalms has altogether 18 graphemes, 5 more than Book Pahlavi and one less than Inscriptional Pahlavi. As in Book Pahlavi, letters are connected to each other. The only other surviving source of Psalter Pahlavi are the inscriptions on a bronze processional cross found at Herat, in present-day Afghanistan. Due to the dearth of ...